APM-3 Recommended Standard Methods for Continuing Air Monitoring for Gaseous Contaminants

The purpose of Manual APM-3 is to provide a guide which will help increase the uniformity between various surveys, and thereby increase the useability of the data by others.     

Ozone Injury to Pinus Strobus

In a study of the ozone-induced needle blight of eastern white pine in central New York, acute injuries naturally induced on field trees during a year of relatively low ozone concentrations (1 966) were compared with injuries induced during a year of higher concentrations (1967). Injuries were more frequent and severe and were associated with higher mean ozone concentrations in 1967 than in 1966. Characteristic symptoms were induced on foliage of pine branches exposed to controlled doses of ozone as low as 7 ± 1 pphm for four hours or 3 ± 1 pphm for 48 hours. Such doses were equalled or exceeded two and four times, respectively, in the field during the 1 967 season. Ozone sensitivity of pine needle tissue was increased by fumigation in atmospheres containing water mist. High concentrations of ozone (40-60 pphm) caused general injury of foliage of both ozone-susceptible and resistant trees; the symptoms were unlike those found in the field or caused by fumigation with low concentrations of ozone.     

New PbO2, Support for the Measurement of Sulfation

Since 1966, the Division of Laboratories of the Department of Health of the City of Montreal is carrying on measurements of gaseous pollutants. In order to efficiently use the technical staff that our administrators wanted to devote to the fight against air pollution, a new lead dioxide support for the determination of sulfur dioxide has been devised. The preparation of candies according to the standard method requires much time and skill from the operator, whereas the technique that is proposed is rapid, easy, and provides plates of a high degree of uniformity. A technician with little experience can coat a great number of plates per day with no difficulty. N. A. Huey working at the National Center for Air Pollution Control in Cincinnati published in the September 1968 issue of this Journal a new technique which consists of coating the inside of a plastic Petri dish with a PbO² paste. His method also has the above mentioned advantages. The plates that are suggested allow a simplification of the preliminary work for several types of analyses such as gra-vimetry,¹ colorimetry,³ turbidimetry,^4,5 titrimetry,⁶ and nephelemetry.⁸     

Automotive Exhaust Emission Levels by Geographic Area and Vehicle Make A Nationwide Survey

Gross average automotive exhaust emissions data collected by the Atlantic Richfield Clean Air Caravan during the summer of 1970 showed only slight geographical variations when the specific makes were ignored. When considering specific makes, significant differences were found on an average emissions basis. Vehicle population—emission distributions showed wide variations in the 50% population levels and in the percent of vehicles with emissions greater than specified values. Hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) data are given on a gross basis for the 1970, 1968-69, 1966-67, and pre-1966 model year group vehicles. Average HC and CO emissions and vehicle population-Idle emissions distribution curves are included for specific make vehicles in selected areas.