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六溴环十二烷(HBCD)被列为斯德哥尔摩公约受审物质,其作为添加型阻燃剂在我国主要应用于挤出聚苯乙烯板材(XPS)、挤出聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(EPS)和纺织涂料等领域。文章在对HBCD性质和环境风险进行概述的基础上,对我国HBCD的主要应用情况进行详细介绍,并从行业污染物减排和HBCD减排角度出发,针对各应用领域提出具体的减排措施,实现HBCD应用行业的减排。 相似文献
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合流制管网溢流(Combined Sewer Overflows,CSOs)是我国城镇地表水环境日益突出的瞬时污染源,明确其重要污染物溶解性有机质(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)的组分和来源对CSOs污染控制具有导向性意义.本研究以北运河上游沙河水库流域为对象,连续采集CSOs过程的样品,通过峰值法、特征参数法和平行因子法等解析CSOs中DOM的三维荧光光谱特征,发现CSOs中DOM主要有类色氨酸(S、T)、类富里酸(A)和类酪氨酸(D),代表内源输入的类色氨酸(S、T)和类酪氨酸(D)占比超过4/5.特征参数法和平行因子法的结果均表明DOM的腐殖化程度较低,生物活性较强,主要为微生物降解生成的和沉积物自身在冲刷和水力输运作用下释放的内源污染,建议CSOs污染控制主要应从内源输入的角度进行,着重控制管道沉积物中污染物的释放. 相似文献
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针对国内外有关荧蒽(FLT)对种子萌发影响研究极少的现状,本文设置5个质量浓度(2,5,15,25,50 mg·L-1)的染毒组、1个空白对照组(0 mg·L-1)和1个助溶剂对照组(丙酮体积分数为1%),以大豆种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗长度为测量指标,探索性地研究了FLT对大豆种子萌发的毒性效应。结果表明:在浓度小于15 mg·L-1的FLT胁迫下,大豆发芽率与对照相比无显著差异,大于等于15 mg·L-1的FLT胁迫则显著抑制了发芽率(p0.05)。发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数则对FLT的胁迫作用更加敏感,当FLT浓度大于等于5 mg·L-1时呈显著降低(p0.05)。FLT对幼苗长度起抑制作用,且随浓度越高和处理时间增长,抑制作用逐渐增强。 相似文献
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焉耆盆地土壤重金属的污染及潜在生态风险评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过采集干旱区典型绿洲-焉耆盆地表层土壤样品,测试其中10种重金属的含量,采用多元统计分析、污染指数法及潜在生态风险指数法研究土壤中重金属的赋存特征、来源及其污染状况和潜在的生态风险.结果表明:焉耆盆地土壤中10种重金属的平均值和最大值均未超过土壤环境质量二级标准,但重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、As和Cr的最大值超过新疆土壤背景值,超标率分别为8%、7%、11%、9.2%、12%和8.1%. 统计分析表明焉耆盆地土壤中10种重金属的平均含量顺序为: Mn>Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Co>Pb>As>Cd>Hg. 研究表明焉耆盆地土壤中重金属Zn、Pb、Hg、Cu之间具有较高的相关性, 主要来源于人为污染;重金属Mn、Co、Cd、Cr、Ni、As之间具有较高的相关性,主要来源于自然地质背景;污染指数评价表明焉耆盆地土壤中10种重金属均未出现污染状况,处于较低的生态风险,但土壤中重金属Pb、Zn、Hg的含量在部分地区相对较高的现象应引起重视. 相似文献
56.
The total concentrations of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)-listed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in coastal and estuarine sediments along the northern shores of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China, at any study location varied from 0.236 to 8.34 nM g?1 dry weight (dw). For a given PAH, concentrations varied by one to two orders of magnitude. Ecological risk assessments based on biota–sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) indicated that the potential ecological hazard of PAHs in the sediments was limited. The average total sediment PAH concentrations were less than the effects range low, indicating that PAHs currently present in the sediments were not harmful to aquatic organisms. The estimated PAH concentration in the aquatic organisms was 0.223 nM g?1 and posed a limited threat to human health via biological concentration from sediment to harvest of the sea. Assuming no additional PAH inputs, 99% of the 16 PAH molecules currently present in the sediments would be degraded in 40 years. 相似文献
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Environmental pollution by persistent toxic substances and health risk in an
industrial area of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jing Li Yonglong Lu Yajuan Shi Tieyu Wang Guang Wang Wei Luo Wentao Jiao Chunli Chen Feng Yan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1359-1367
Soil is an important environmental medium that is closely associated with humans and their health. Despite this, very few studies
have measured toxicants in soils, and associated them with health risks in humans. An assessment of health effects from exposure to
contaminants in soils surrounding industrial areas of chemical production and storage is important. This article aims at determining
pollution characteristics of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in an industrial area in China to unravel the relationship between soil
pollution by PTS and human health. One hundred and five soil samples were collected and 742 questionnaires were handed out to
residents living in and around an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in Northern China. Concentrations of organochlorine
pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in soil. Mann-Whitney U and binary multivariate nonconditional
logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between health indicators of local residents and
contaminant levels. Odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for health incidences were also calculated. The average
concentrations of DDT (73.9 ng/g), HCH (654 ng/g) and PAHs (1225 ng/g) were relatively high in the industrial area. Residents living
in the chemical industry parks were exposed to a higher levels of PTS than those living outside the chemical industry parks. This
exposure was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.12–30.06), stomach cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.26–
13.41), dermatitis (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05–2.80), gastroenteritis (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.94–2.68), and pneumonia (OR 1.05, 95% CI
0.58–1.89). 相似文献