Characterization of humic acids extracted from the sediments of the various rivers and lakes in China

The humic acids (HAs) isolated from the sediments of the various rivers,lakes,and reservoirs in China were studied using elemental analyzer,fourier transform infrared (FT-IR),and CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.The results showed that the HAs were characterized by some common chemical and physicochemical properties,but they also pose some differences in the C-containing functional groups.The C/N,C/H,O/C,and O/H ratios differ widely for the various HAs,showing that the elemental comp...     

Bacterial diversity in activated sludge from a consecutively aerated submerged membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater

The bacterial diversity of activated sludge from submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) was investigated. A 16S rDNA clone library was generated, and 150 clones were screened using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Of the screened clones, almost full-length 16S rDNA sequences of 64 clones were sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed with a database containing clone sequences from this study and bacterial rDNA sequences from NCBI for identification purposes. The 90.6% of the clones were a?l...     

Adsorption of mercury on laterite from Guizhou Province, China

The adsorption behaviors of Hg(Ⅱ) on laterite from Guizhou Province,China,were studied and the adsorption mechanism was discussed.The results showed that different mineral compositons in the laterite will cause differences in the adsorption capacity of laterite to Hg(Ⅱ).Illite and non-crystalloids are the main contributors to enhancing the adsorption capacity of laterite to Hg(Ⅱ).The pH of the solution is an important factor affecting the adsorption of Hg(Ⅱ) on laterite.The alkalescent environment (pH 7-9) ...     

Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter （PM） emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend （BE-diesel） on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction （SOF） of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle （ESC） test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons （THC） and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters （DPFs）.     

水质毒性快速检测技术及其发展趋势

水质毒性快速检测可以及时提供水体的污染信息,为突发事件的紧急处理和水质毒性的预警提供依据。常见的水质毒性快速检测技术主要包括基于细菌的发光检测技术、化学发光检测技术、呼吸作用的检测技术、光合作用检测技术、电化学检测技术等。文章综述了主要水质毒性快速检测技术的原理和技术现状,并展望了相关发展趋势。     

生物质能的绿色效能分析

本文对生物质原料特性及其应用进行了分析,并通过生命周期法(LCA)对生物质和煤气化合成二甲醚料的过程进行对比评价.每生产1千克二甲醚,使用前者比后者可减少排放CO2924.11克、NOx25.01克、SOx70.93克,痕量金属排放量也大大减少.由此可见,利用生物质对减少有害气体的排放意义重大,并能从源头上保证整个过程的环境友好性.     

福建泉州市区域稳定性的探讨

本文对泉州市区域地壳结构、地质构造、构造应力场和地震活动性进行了综合分析.结果表明,泉州市在第四纪中更新世之前位于环太平洋中、新生代构造-岩浆活动带中,地壳运动频繁而又强烈,地质构造复杂;现代处于菲律宾海板块对欧亚板块挤压形成的"台湾动力触角"影响区,但区内的断裂不具全新世活动性,新构造运动不强烈,有史以来未见≥5.0级地震记载,属于地壳相对稳定区,未来遭遇6.0级地震的危险性不大,其地震破坏性影响主要来自周边孕震区,特别是东部海域,与"台湾动力触角"的作用和滨海断裂带的活动有关.     

人工神经网络光度法同时测定四组份染料混合物

介绍人工神经网络的原理,对典型神经网络系统做介绍,并对人工神经网络在光谱分析中的应用作解说.应用人工神经网络原理,以快速BP算法,对紫外可见吸收光谱严重重叠的四组分的染料溶液同时进行含量测定.在200～600 nm的范围内,以12个特征波长处的吸收值作为网络特征参数,通过网络训练,酸性橙Ⅱ、酸性红B、甲基紫、酸性嫩黄的相对标准偏差分别为0.95%～2.30%,4种成分的回收率在96.3%～104%之间.实验表明,该算法速度快,预测结果准确,可用于人工神经网络光度法定量测定光解废水中多组份混合染料.     

纳米TiO2的表面改性及在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究

研究了原位乳液共聚合方法制备聚丙烯酸酯/TiO2纳米复合材料及其对PVC抗紫外光老化性能的影响.结果表明,聚丙烯酸酯共聚物P(MMA-BA)包覆在纳米TiO2表面,并与TiO2粒子有较强相互作用;经过1032 h加速老化后,相比未改性配方和有机紫外吸收剂改性配方,复合改性PVC材料的抗紫外光老化性能得到大幅提高,纳米TiO2的质量分数为1.0%的复合材料改性PVC色差值只有5.0,比未改性配方提高近8倍.     

基于弹性理念的城市用地开发战略研究——以上海市宝山区为例

随着市场机制的不断完善,城市土地利用的不确定性需要在战略定位上具备更大的弹性以适应市场的发展。基于弹性理念,在对城市用地开发条件进行辨识的基础上,对土地开发的需求进行了弹性预测,依据人口极限计算出土地弹性需求值域的上下限,确定弹性范围,提出适应社会经济发展需要的用地开发战略目标,并找到将其变为现实的正确途径。在结构上从城市用地开发战略目标的确定、城市用地发展方向的定位以及城市用地模式的选择3个方面,对城市用地开发的战略研究做了深入分析。同时,引入新的思想和方法以及多学科多视角,定性与定量相结合来制定城市用地开发的战略目标。最后,利用上海市宝山区作为实例,对基于弹性理念的城市用地开发战略的研究做了实证分析。