不同草皮构建的湖泊缓冲带对污染物的净化效果研究

选择宜兴地区常见的3种草皮百慕大(Cynodon dactylon)、白花三叶草(Trifolium repens)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea),利用自行设计的实验装置模拟构建草皮缓冲带,并模拟宜兴地区降雨时产生的汇流过程和雨量进行太湖缓冲带对陆域面源污染物的净化效果研究.结果表明,草皮缓冲带能有效地截留径流中的SS,3种草皮缓冲带的径流对SS的去除率为百慕大缓冲带＞三叶草缓冲带＞高羊茅缓冲带＞空白对照(不种植草皮的空白土壤),且沿程去除效果增强;草皮缓冲带的渗流对TN、NH3-N、TP净化效果均显著(p＜0.05)高于径流;3种草皮缓冲带在试验槽前0.9m处的污染物去除效果最为明显,湖泊缓冲带的宽度与其污染物截留效果呈正比;总体来说,草皮生物量与其构建的湖泊缓冲带的污染物去除率呈正相关,三叶草和百慕大有较大的地上生物量,其构建的缓冲带表现出较高的污染物去除率,而高羊茅的地上生物量相对较小,其构建的缓冲带污染物去除率也相对较低.     

基于数据库的污染场地流程管理初步设计

污染场地是工业化发展的产物,中国的污染场地修复与管理尚处于起始阶段,如何实现国家层面对污染场地的有效监管是一个重要课题。在国家污染场地信息管理数据库框架基础上,提出了以流程管理(BPM)架构技术和业务流程引擎技术为基础构建支持跨平台和跨系统的数据采集、处理和分析的BPM运行平台,设定了污染场地管理的主要机构和相应主要角色,还设计了污染场地资料入库和分类评估的管理流程,以期为中国污染场地的计算机化和网络化监管平台建设提供参考和借鉴。     

SO2在碳钢初期大气腐蚀中的作用

通过自建的模拟大气腐蚀系统,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和x-射线光电子能谱(XPS),研究了SO2对碳钢初期大气腐蚀行为的影响,并进一步用原子力显微镜从更微观的角度观察了在SO2环境中初期阶段腐蚀形貌变化.研究结果表明:在SO2污染大气环境中,随SO2浓度的升高碳钢腐蚀加快.在体积分数为5×10(-6)SO2的大气环境中,碳钢和耐候钢表面腐蚀主要以条状物生长,随着SO2浓度的升高,腐蚀产物的形貌发生改变,在体积分数为5×10(-5)SO2的大气环境中,条状锈和胞状锈同时生长.在锈层中S元素以FeSO4·4H2O的形式存在,腐蚀产物中还有γ-FeOOH.SO2在初期阶段加速了碳钢的腐蚀,降低了碳钢的耐蚀性.     

Effects of rare earth elements on the distribution of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish

In order to investigate the effects of rare earth elements (REEs) on horseradish, the distribution of the mineral elements and heavy metals in different organs of horseradish have been studied by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Meanwhile, three variable major parameters, namely the concentration of REEs, the type of REEs, and the growth stage of plant were chosen. The results indicated that the test REEs, Ce(III) and Tb(III), could be accumulated in leaves, stems and roots of horseradish. In addition, we found that the content of mineral elements was increased in horseradish treated with 20mgl(-1) of Ce(III), but not those with the 20mgl(-1) of Tb(III). Moreover, the content of mineral elements in horseradish was decreased with the increasing concentration of REEs (100, 300mgl(-1)). Furthermore, we found that there were the opposite effects on the content of the heavy metals in horseradish treated with REEs. Finally, we found that the effect of REEs on the accumulation of REEs, and the content of mineral elements or heavy metals of horseradish during vigorous growth stage, no matter positive or negative, was more obvious than that of the other growth stages. These results demonstrated that the distribution behaviors of mineral elements and heavy metals in horseradish can be affected by the type and concentration of REEs, and the growth period of plant.     

LCC法在Epson公司环境经营管理中的实践分析

Epson公司在零件采购、材料的采用、运输、用户使用阶段,以及回收再生方面的商品的整个生命周期中,考虑减少产品对环境的负荷,并在产品全部生命周期（LCC）中应该实施的目标的基础上,构筑并实施了环境经营理念。其成功做法值得很多企业借鉴。     

稻草制浆黑液生物＋混凝处理试验

通过对稻草制浆黑液厌氧、好氧、混凝处理组合工艺的试验研究,探索该工艺的可行性,考察了不同温度、不同有机负荷下,该类废水的生物处理效果以及后续混凝效果。结果表明：中温35℃是厌氧阶段最佳处理温度,好氧阶段不同负荷条件下,CODCr去除率基本相同;经厌氧－好氧处理,黑液CODCr和木质素去除率分别为80％和30％,色度去除不明显;混凝阶段CODCr和木质素去除率分别为70％和90％,色度去除率达90％以上,出水达到国家标准。     

硫酸含汞问题的追踪研究

以辽宁省最大的硫酸生产企业（辽西某锌厂）为研究对象,剖析了硫酸含汞问题的来源,论述了该厂原料、中间产品、最终产品、车间内外环境汞的污染状况。并论述了使用该厂硫酸的十大企业的中间产品、最终产品的含汞状况,给出了厂内外环境受汞污染的测定结果,研究表明含汞硫酸污染问题是急待解决的重要问题。     

浊点萃取分离富集荧光光度法测定水中α - 萘酚

基于非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114,采用浊点萃取分离富集荧光光度法测定水中α-萘酚,优化了影响浊点萃取的各种因素,包括样品酸度、表面活性剂体积分数、氢氧化钠溶液浓度、平衡温度和时间等,讨论了常见无机离子和可能共存的有机物的干扰。方法在0.010 mg/L～0.400 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为3.0μg/L,标准溶液测定的RSD为4.8%,水样加标回收率为94.3%～103%。     

成都市土壤天然放射性核素的外照射水平估算研究

利用IED22000A便携式微机多道能谱仪对成都市区土壤的天然放射性核素进行了直接就地测量,估算出天然环境放射性核素^238U、^232Th、^40K的比活度范围分别为10.37～77．19Bq／kg、17,85～225．74Bq／kg、284．83～892．67Bq／kg;外照射指数范围为0．16—0．8;离地面1m高的空气吸收剂量率均值为83．23nGy／h;1外照射年有效剂量当量为0．34～0．70mSv;等效镭浓度的变化范围是59．06-386．45Bq／kg,均值为164．15Bq／kg。各项指标均在容许范围之内,因而成都市属于外照射水平的安全区域,人居环境不受影响。     

Investigation of heavy metals in sediments and Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum from Jiaozhou Bay, China

Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and sediments were collected bimonthly during 2007 at five locations in Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao, China, to determine heavy metal concentrations and to assess the validation of R. philippinarum as a metal biomonitor. Concentrations of heavy metals in clam soft tissues ranged between 0.75 and 3.31, 0.89 and 15.20, 5.70 and 26.03, 52.12 and 110.33, 10.30 and 72.34, 9.64 and 28.60, and 3.15 and 52.75 μg g^???1 dry weight for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni, respectively. Most of the highest values occurred at the northeast bay and the lowest values occurred at the western part. Regarding seasonal variation, relatively high tissue metal concentrations were observed during October or December. A similar pattern was also found in habitat sediments. There was a strong correlation between the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni in soft tissues and surrounding sediments. It is indicated that R. philippinarum could be used as a biomonitor for heavy metal contamination in Jiaozhou Bay.