关于旅游城市化问题的初步探讨——以长江三角洲都市连绵区为例

城市化发展的动力带动 ,城市旅游资源的富集 ,人口、经济的集聚与扩散 ,旅游供需关系的结合 ,旅游者对城市旅游目的地的选择行为 ,政策的导向 ,旅游业的发展和交通设施的完善等因素 ,导致了旅游城市化现象的产生。以长江三角洲都市连绵区为例 ,分析了旅游城市化进程中还存在发展思路不明 ,破坏旅游景观和生态环境 ,旅游规划与城市规划、城市发展不相适应 ,人口管理比较混乱 ,用地功能分区不明显 ,土地资源浪费严重等问题。提出了旅游城市化的发展对策     

潮汐循环影响下上覆水环境因子和氮营养盐的变化及其相关关系

潮汐循环对水体理化特征的短期影响是潮汐河口各种理化参数变化的一个重要原因。通过崇明东旺沙堤外低潮滩和东海农场低潮滩采样及环境因子分析，发现崇明东滩各环境因子之间（除浊度外）相关性较好，均呈宽 “U”型变化；东海农场各环境因子之间相关性较差，变化不一致，且盐度、电导率变化与崇明东滩变化相反；受潮汐循环影响，崇明东滩涨潮初期各形态氮有明显释放过程，而东海农场的近底层水体在涨潮初期NH4+ N急剧下降，NOX- N缓慢下降；无论是在崇明东滩还是在东海农场，营养盐浓度受环境因子的共同影响，整个潮汐循环过程中总无机氮（TIN）与盐度呈显著线性负相关，这与整个长江口近岸水体的营养盐负荷相一致，长江上游淡水带来的高负荷营养盐流经河口进入海洋。     

Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities in wheat seedlings

The effects of arsenic(As)were investigated on seed germination,root and shoot length and their biomass and some other factors to elucidate the toxicity of As.The results showed low concentrations of As(O-1 mg/kg)stimulated seed germination and the growth of root and shoot,however,these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of As(5-20 mg/kg).The contents Of O2-,MDA,soluble protein and peroxidase(POD)activity all increased with increasing As concentrations.Soluble sugar content,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities decreased at low concentrations of As,and increased at high concentrations of As.While acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)and chlorophyll contents,catalase(CAT)activity displayed increasing trend when the concentrations of As was lower than 1 mg/kg,and then decreasing trend.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).As induced the expression of POD isozymes of wheat seedlings.As induced the expression of CAT isozymes but inhibited the expression of SOD isozymes of wheat seedlings at concentrations lower than 1 mg/kg.However,As inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes but induced the expression of SOD isozymes at concentrations higher than 5 mg/kg.The results indicated As could exert harmfulness in the early development stage of wheat at inappropriate concentrations.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

高效选择性除铯的PVDF复合膜制备及优化

为实现对放射性核素铯(Cs)的高效去除,本研究基于表面接枝技术利用均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)在羟基化的PVDF微滤/超滤膜表面接枝了一层氨基化SiO2,并通过SiO2表面的氨基基团与Fe3+结合实现亚铁氰化铁(Ferrocyanide,FeCN)的负载,从而制备了FeCN/SiO2/PVDF复合膜.基于膜表面的SEM与XP...     

制冷装置制冷剂检漏技术的研究

讨论了制冷系统制冷剂的检漏方法,制冷系统安装调试过程中使用的制冷剂压力检漏技术、真空检漏技术以及制冷系统正常运行过程中的制冷剂检漏技术,这些技术对制冷装置的操作与调试人员具有重要的参考价值.     

不同污染区对绿化树种可溶性糖含量的影响

为了了解兰州市大气污染的情况,选择兰州市的主要绿化树种为研究对象,对叶片中的可溶性糖含量进行了测定,并且运用statistic软件进行分析。结果表明:同一树种在不同污染区的可溶性糖含量不同,存在极显著性的差异,同一污染区的各种绿化植物的可溶性糖含量也存在显著性的差异。5种树种的抗污染能力为:杨树>小叶黄杨>椿树>国槐>圆柏,兰州主要功能区的污染程度为:兰炼厂区>兰化厂区>橡胶厂>西关>西站>交大>兴隆山。研究结果可以为兰州市的大气污染治理提供理论和实践依据。     

青藏高原冰川雪细菌与气候环境的关系

通过荧光显微镜测定细菌密度,利用DGGE图谱和Shannon-Weaver指数分析细菌种类多样性,对青藏高原北部老虎沟12号冰川、南部东绒布冰川和东南部海螺沟2号冰川雪坑的细菌密度和种类多样性做了差异性分析. 结果表明:老虎沟12号冰川雪坑细菌密度平均值比东绒布冰川和海螺沟2号冰川高,老虎沟12号冰川雪坑细菌种类多样性比东绒布冰川高,这与高原南、北部不同大气环流引起的大气微粒含量的差异性有关. 海螺沟2号冰川雪坑细菌种类多样性均最高,与该冰川所受的大气环流多样性最高相一致. 东绒布冰川雪坑细菌密度平均值与南极点相近,与其远离人类污染,因而大气环境本底值低有关. 海拔高的东绒布冰川雪坑细菌密度和种类多样性均比海拔低的海螺沟2号冰川和老虎沟12号冰川低,即二者与海拔高度呈反比.      

酒精蒸气/烟草粉尘两相混合体系最小点火能试验研究

在烟草加工的加香工序,挥发的酒精和搅拌混料产生的烟草粉尘形成气粉混合体系,其燃爆特性相较于单相烟草粉尘有较大变化。对20 L爆炸球进行了部分改造,可完成20℃～80℃环境温度、100%LEL以下酒精蒸气浓度、最大2 J电火花能量组合的气粉混合物的最小点火能测试。选用烘丝和加香烟草粉尘做对比,探究了环境温度和酒精蒸气浓度对酒精蒸气/烟草粉尘两相混合体系点火能的影响规律。结果表明：相同环境温度下,加香烟草粉尘的最小点火能比烘丝烟草粉尘低;加香粉尘、烘丝粉尘及混合体系的最小点火能随环境温度变化的趋势一致,均随温度的升高而降低;加入10%LEL的酒精蒸气后,相同温度下气粉混合体系的最小点火能低于单相烟草粉尘。随着环境温度的升高,二者的差值逐渐减小,酒精蒸气诱导烟草粉尘最小点火能降低的能力逐步减小甚至消失;在电点火条件下,当酒精蒸气浓度低于50%LEL时,气粉混合体系较难被点燃,当酒精蒸气浓度高于75%LEL时,混合体系较易被点燃。     

黄壤稻田土壤微生物量碳氮及水稻品质对生物炭配施氮肥的响应

探讨生物炭与氮肥减量配施对黄壤稻田土壤微生物碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)和稻谷产量及品质的影响,旨在为该区域土壤培肥及氮肥减施增效提供科学依据.采用大田试验,设置5个氮肥减施梯度(TO～T4):0、10％、20％、30％和40％,用等氮量生物炭氮替代,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),在水稻成熟期进行测产采样,并对样品进行室内...