蒽降解菌与铜绿假单胞菌融合子的特性研究

将蒽降解菌An815和绿色荧光蛋白标记铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa/EGFP)P原生质体融合,得到了既能高效降解蒽,又能产生生物表面活性剂的融合子F。研究了它的形态特征、生理生化特性、产表面活性剂的能力、对蒽的降解性能及生长繁殖情况。结果表明,融合子菌落和菌体形态,产脓青素,荧光色素的特性类似于铜绿假单胞菌亲本,但其大多生理生化特性酷似An815亲本而不同于铜绿假单胞菌亲本;融合子有较好产表面活性剂的能力,72 h内将表面张力由70.2 mN/m降至36.5mN/m;在蒽的反应体系中,32h内融合子和亲本An815对蒽的降解转化率分别为86.7%,59.4%,融合子对蒽的降解速率比An815提高了27.3%;在蒽的反应体系中融合子和亲本生长曲线相似。     

好氧膜生物反应器的硝化性能研究

以含有高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液为对象,针对好氧膜生物反应器的硝化性能进行了研究。结果表明:当进水氨氮<1000mg/L和负荷<1.5kgNH4+-N/m3d时,氨氮去除率保持在80%～99.7%之间,表明好氧MBR具有良好的硝化性能;硝酸菌在进水氨氮浓度>600mg/L时受到了抑制,而亚硝酸菌在进水氨氮浓度>1200mg/L时才受到抑制;在试验过程中,MBR污泥经历了由以异养细菌为主到自养细菌为主的转型过程。以硝化菌为主的污泥具有良好的沉淀性能,污泥的SV和SVI分别稳定在20%～30%之间和40～70mL/g之间。     

光电催化降解壬基酚影响因素研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜光电极,以该电极为工作电极,铂丝作对电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,对壬基酚的光电催化降解进行了研究。结果表明:该电极具有n型半导体的特征行为。在外加偏压为+0.8V、pH=5、、30mg/L的H2O2中对初始浓度为20mg/L的壬基酚溶液光照180min降解率达62.22%。讨论了氧的存在、外加偏压、pH等因素对光电催化反应的影响。     

生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物气体研究进展

生物过滤法是一种高效、廉价的废气处理技术。介绍了近年来生物过滤法处理挥发性有机物(VOCs)气体的研究进展。重点讨论了生物过滤法处理VOCs气体的性能、影响因素和运行模拟等内容。     

再生聚丙烯的洁净化和高质化应用

聚丙烯以其优异的机械性能、高的性价比和多重改性方式成为重要的通用树脂之一,这些产品废弃后产生了种类繁多和数量巨大的再生聚丙烯.通过将再生聚丙烯根据性能和来源进行分类,然后分类阐述各再生聚丙烯物料特点,结合再生聚丙烯改性方式,为高质化应用提出方向.     

Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some agricultural, industrial and urban areas along Xiamen coastal waters, China

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, to show firstly the level of pollution in the agricultural areas and analyses specifically the status of soil polluted by these persistent pollutants in some locations of Xiamen region. Soil samples collected from Jiulong agricultural catchment have been analysed for 16 PAH compounds, using gas chromatography flame ionization detection in order to determine the level of selected PAH components and to identify the factors that may control their distribution and persistence in the area. The main PAHs found in soil samples were the low molecular weight. The total PAHs detected in soil samples ranged from 0.50 to 0.95 μg/g soil. The highest values of PAHs were significantly detected in the orange tree leaves, which range from 236.1 to 249.3 μg/g soil showing recent atmospheric inputs of these volatile pollutants. The distribution of PAHs in vegetable were monitored and indicating that the concentration were high and ranged from 8.24 to 58.87 μg/g. Other sediment samples were also collected and analysed from urban sewage （5.26 μg/g dw）, aquacultural （0.52 μg/g dw） and industrial areas （from 0.62 to 2.09 μg/g dw）, during this investigation. The contamination of Jiulong river estuary and Xiamen Western Sea by PAHs has been then widely justified by wastcwatcr discharges and soil runoffs from these areas. The results, therefore, provide important information on the current contamination status caused by the atmospheric transport and point to the need for urgent actions to stop the release of these hydrocarbons to the environment. The necessity of implementing systematic monitoring of PAHs is also emphasized.     

白炽灯灯丝残骸微观形貌分析

本文模拟火灾中不同情况,制备普通白炽灯破坏的灯丝残骸,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析灯丝残骸的微观形貌,研究灯丝在不同情况下破坏的特征。发现通电状态下破坏的灯丝氧化严重,与未通电状态的灯丝具有明显的区别。即使经历了高温或火焰灼烧作用后,微观形貌特征仍具有明显的差别。根据这种微观特征可以判断火场中白炽灯的通电状态。     

同位素及其在环境科学中的应用

介绍了同位索的一些基本概念,同位案在水循环、测定地下水年龄、判别地下水来源及古气候、古环境研究等领域中的应用．同时阐述了我国同位索水文学的发展现状、存在的问题及研究方向。     

孔隙水压力消散试验在尾矿坝安全施工中的应用

尾矿库设计的主要控制条件是坝体的稳定性。在尾矿坝施工中还需要考虑强度、渗水性等影响因素。以锡冶山尾矿坝工程为例,探讨了数值法在尾矿库坝体岩土孔隙水压力消散试验中的应用。对提高试验精度、减少试验开支、指导工程安全施工具有现实意义。     

掘进工作面氡气来源分析和关键治理技术研究

双马煤矿在缓坡副斜井掘进工作面掘进过程中局部地段出现氡气,为了保护作业人员的身体健康保障矿井安全,基于分析研究掘进工作面特殊底层氡气来源、运移规律,以理论指导现场,总结出喷、涂、增、降、检、撤、护七字关键治理技术,从而实现对氡气地质带的有效治理和管控,保障了掘进工作面的安全生产。