1997～2008年京杭大运河扬州段水质状况研究

研究京杭大运河水污染变化趋势及主要影响因子,对于更有效提高京杭大运河水质、更大的发挥其功能、保证南水北调工程具有重要战略意义和长远环境效益。依据1997～2008年京杭大运河扬州市区段水质监测数据,以内梅罗水污染指数为评估指标,采用方差分析方法,对京杭大运河扬州市区段水质现状进行了分析。结果表明:京杭大运河扬州市区段主要污染物是氨氮、挥发酚和石油类;氨氮年均浓度变化趋势较为平缓,在Ⅲ和IV类水质指标间浮动;挥发酚年均浓度变化较为活跃,总体有上升趋势,呈V类水质指标;石油类年均浓度在1998年至2001年间污染较为严重,超标达3倍以上,其它年份浓度维持在0.05mg/L左右;1998～2001年间京杭大运河扬州市区段水质处于污染状态,其余年份较好。该文研究成果为扬州市水资源分配和利用提供了科学依据。     

浅谈现有脱硫装置的扩容改造

随着国内煤炭市场的供应变化,一些机组燃煤实际含硫量与设计相比有较大提高,结合工程实际,重点讨论了现有湿法脱硫装置扩容改造的几种方法,比较了其差异和优缺点,并提出了一些建议。     

环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析

通过对清洁生产概念的分析,阐述了清洁生产与环境影响评价的关系,并通过实例论证了在环境影响评价中进行清洁生产分析的优越性.     

应对突发性水源污染致异味水的检测方法探讨

利用吹扫捕集-气质联用法对因突发性水源污染致异味的水样进行快速定性和定量.采用VOC分析专用柱DB-VRX进行分离分析,具有操作简单,分析速度快,分离效果好,灵敏度和精密度高,不使用有机溶剂等优点.     

DAT-IAT工艺处理城市污水的生态风险评估

采用常规水质指标检测和种子发芽及根伸长抑制的陆生生态毒理方法,评价了DAT-IAT工艺处理过程中各工艺阶段污水的生态风险.常规水质指标检测结果显示,COD和SS可以达标排放,而氮的形态由进水时的NH⁺₄-N转变为DAT、出水中的NO^-₃-N,只是形态发生了变化,并没有从污水中去除,虽然达到了设计的NH⁺₄-N去除要求,可以达标排放,但是并未降低受纳水体发生富营养化的生态风险.生态毒理指标检测结果显示,进水、DAT、出水各阶段污水中COD对小麦种子发芽的半数抑制浓度逐渐降低,分别为249.3、 165.3和161.2 mg·L^-1;对小麦根伸长的半数抑制浓度也逐渐降低,分别为257.6、 154.0和142.1 mg·L^-1,表明DAT-IAT工艺处理过程中污水的生态毒性变化趋势为逐渐增大,处理后的出水存在一定的生态风险,有进一步进行生态风险调控的必要性.在相同水质条件下,小麦根伸长抑制率比小麦种子发芽抑制率更显著,可以把小麦根伸长作为评价污水处理生态风险的敏感指标之一.     

麦秸强化微生物降解石油烃及场地试验

在油-盐混合污染耕地的耕作层中施加麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和促进微生物对石油烃的降解.通过实验考察了麦秸添加量对降解石油烃所用的阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)和刺孢小克银汉霉菌(Cunninghamella echinulata)的生长及其对于石油烃降解行为的影响.结果发现,在土壤中添加5%(质量分数)麦秸可使土壤中的细菌和真菌生物量提高至对照样品的25和3倍;19 d时总石油烃降解率从29.2% 提高到48.0%,其中饱和烃、芳烃的降解率分别从31.5%和39.1%提高到55.7%和55.9%.在中原油田污染耕地现场试验结果表明,石油烃降解菌添加25 d后,添加麦秸的修复土壤中的细菌和真菌生物量为对照土壤的158和9倍;45 d后试验地块中的总石油烃质量分数降至0.3%以下,石油烃降解率最高达到75%.上述结果显示出添加麦秸与真菌-细菌协同修复方法相结合在治理油-盐混合污染耕地中具有很好的应用前景.     

微生物絮凝剂对微颗粒高岭土悬浊液的絮凝特性

从活性污泥和土壤中分离、筛选得到66株微生物絮凝剂产生菌,研究分析了其中具有较好絮凝性的8株菌种所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液中粒径小于1 μm的高岭土颗粒粒度分布的影响情况,并且研究了微生物絮凝剂投加量和助凝剂CaCl2对高岭土悬浊液粒度分布的影响.研究结果表明微生物絮凝剂对于粒度大小为0.200～0.300 μm的高岭土悬浮颗粒的絮凝效果最佳,絮凝剂投加量的变化对高岭土悬浊液粒度分布有一定的影响,助凝剂在一定的投加浓度范围内对微生物絮凝剂絮凝有明显的促进作用.     

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on arsenic accumulation by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the e ects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (from contaminated or uncontaminated soils) on arsenic (As) uptake of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in As-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizal colonization rate, dry weight, As and P uptake by plants, concentrations of water-extractable As and As fractions were determined. A low mycorrhizal colonization rate (< 25%) was detected. Our research indicated that AM fungi isolated from polluted soils were no more e ective than those from unpolluted soils when grown in symbiosis with tobacco. No significant di erences were observed in roots and stalks dry weights among all treatments. Leaves and total plant dry weights were much higher in Glomus versiforme treatment than that in control treatment. As contents in roots and stalks from mycorrhizal treatments were much lower than that from control treatment. Total plant As content exhibited the same trend. P concentrations in tobacco were not a ected by colonization, nor were stalks, leaves and total plant P contents. Roots P contents were remarkably lower in HN treatments than in other treatments. Meanwhile, decreased soil pH and lower water-extractable As concentrations and higher levels of As fraction bound to well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al were found in mycorrhizal treatments than in controls. The protective e ect of mycorrhiza against plant As uptake may be associated with changes in As solubility mediated by changing soil pH. These results indicated that under As stress, proper mechanisms employed by AM fungi can protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirmed that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety.     

岩溶区桥基拱形结构跨越方案设计

岩溶地区桥梁基础的处理是国内外高速公路建设的重大技术难题之一.当桥基下方存在溶洞时,传统方案一般采取充填溶洞、改变桥墩跨度、桩基穿越溶洞、绕避等措施,但当桥址位置不能变更且不可避免要经过大型溶洞时,传统方案从经济、施工难度上考虑都不甚合理,而拱形结构跨越溶洞方案可以有效地解决此类问题.本文以坳背湾大桥为例,重点探讨了在...     

A new photon kinetic-measure based on the kinetics of electron-hole pairs in photodegradation of textile wastewater using the UV-H2O2FS-TiO2 process

Actual textile wastewater and synthesized wastewater containing various textile dyes were photocatalytic degraded by the UVH2O2Fs-TiO2 process in an aimular-flow photocatalytic reactor. In this process, a photon kinetic-measure was adopted to obtain constant rates of dyes decomposition. It was theorized that, by illumination at different UV frequencies, the electrons within the semiconductor were excited from the valence band to the conduction band, yielding the formation of electron-hole pairs which are the pre-requisites for photocatalysis. CPT （critical photonic time） exposure required to cause 90% of vibrations between the double and single bonds along the molecular chain of the dyes to be oxidized, was taken to measure the photocatalytic activities. The CPTs varied with the frequencies of the UV spectral areas. The derivatization of CPT from the first-order kinetic law was presented.