污染物排放相关指标计算方法的研究

针对传统的污染排放数据指标计算方法存在的问题,提出污染物排放指标应根据排污强度和经济指标确定的新思路,同时提出污染物排放指标数据的快速测算模型设计.建议通过环境监测数据或物料衡算数据确定每个排污单位的平均排污强度,作为计算机处理的参数,再由该排污单位申报每月的经济指标(产量或产值),输入计算机计算其产污量、排污量和去除量.实施计算机管理的关键是选取适当的数据计算模型.新思路应该能够规范计算程序,建立污染源动态数据库,对排污数据实行有效的统计分析.     

企业消防工作标准化建设探讨

目前我国企业正处于消防工作标准化推广阶段。为了提高企业消防工作效率,促进企业安全稳定的发展,通过分析企业消防工作标准化建设中存在的问题,提出应以消防法规为基础,结合企业实际,积极创新推行企业消防工作标准化建设,并以标准化体系建设为抓手,在切实提高消防安全管理水平的同时加强消防设备的维护保养工作,确保消防设备在火灾来临时能够发挥自身应有的作用。     

煤燃烧特性热重试验研究及动力学分析

为了研究煤样挥发分、氧化程度及燃烧时氧气浓度对煤样燃烧难易程度的影响,设计并完成有关相应影响因素的3组热重分析(TGA)试验。采用等转化率法和特征温度分析法进行数据分析。结果表明:特征温度法显示煤燃烧时高挥发分煤样的特征温度较其他煤样低;等转化率法显示高挥发分煤样的各转化率下活化能也均低于其他煤样。2种方法的分析结果一致,都显示挥发分含量高的煤样较其他煤样易于燃烧。分析不同氧化程度下的煤样燃烧热重曲线和不同燃烧时氧浓度情况下的热重曲线得出,氧化程度越高,燃烧时氧浓度越高,煤越早开始燃烧,燃烧速度也越快。     

浸油生物质厌氧消化产甲烷的最佳投料周期探究

厌氧消化需要保持在较高甲烷产量的前提下连续产气,本研究使用浸油生物质进行厌氧消化,在最佳厌氧消化实验条件下采用间歇式进料的方式,分别设置在产甲烷初期、最高期、下降期及末期进行投料,考察各个投料阶段对厌氧消化产甲烷的影响。结果表明:比较理想的间歇式进料周期为产甲烷下降期的第35 d,其甲烷产量比添加原料前提高了39.9%,产气总量为3 496.165 m L。     

铜绿微囊藻吸附废水中镍离子的研究

生物吸附法治理重金属废水为目前的一个研究热点。本文以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,考察铜绿微囊藻藻液和藻粉对重金属镍离子的吸附效果。原子吸收光谱结果表明:藻液和藻粉的去除率分别为23.6%和92%,藻粉相比于藻液有更好的处理效果。傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)及扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明:吸附重金属后,两者的峰型大致一致,藻粉和藻液的空间结构均发生了明显的改变。上述研究结果证明铜绿微囊藻可以作为一种去除重金属的生物吸附剂,为后续藻类治理重金属污染奠定了理论基础。     

含阶梯结构的高层楼梯井内烟气湍流及输运特征量的全局敏感性分析

高层建筑竖井火灾中影响因素众多,并且各因素对高层楼梯井火灾中重要现象、关键数值等的影响大小不一,使得此类火灾中的实验或理论研究成本较高。通过建立全局敏感性分析平台,定量考察了高层楼梯井结构所涉及因素的影响大小,并能够方便地筛选掉对所考察量影响较小的因素,以降低实验或计算成本。使用数值模拟方法,通过CFD软件对包含阶梯几何框架的高层楼梯井结构火灾进行了共计60次工况计算。并且根据计算结果,使用全局参数敏感性分析方法,得出建筑尺寸、热释放速率、环境参数对高层楼梯井内烟气湍流特性及输运特性的敏感性排序。结果表明,火源热释放速率对各输出参数的影响均占38%以上。     

Determination of trace metal concentrations in soil profiles of municipal waste dumps in Nigeria

The concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn and Co) were studied in soil profiles of eight municipal waste dump sites in Warri metropolis. The results indicate that concentrations of trace metals varied widely among the different dumpsites and decreased with depths in a studied soil profile. The accumulation pattern for the heavy metals in the soil profiles follows the order: Fe > Pb > Mn > Co > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd. The concentrations of metals found in these sites was below the Canadian remediation criteria for land for agricultural, residential and commercial/industrial purposes except for the cadmium levels in some sites that exceeded criterion values for agricultural and residential. In such sites, remedial actions are required before any form of chosen development can take place. The levels of heavy metals found in these dump sites were higher than that of the control site. The examined metals showed no significant correlation with soil physicochemical properties at the surface horizon, which is suggestive evidence that these metals arise from anthropogenic input.     

Critical Review of Norms and Standards for Biodegradable Agricultural Plastics Part II: Composting

The critical review of norms and standards and corresponding tests to determine the compostability of biodegradable plastics, possibly applicable also to biodegradable agricultural plastics, shows that many norms concerning testing and labelling of compostable plastics have been established at the international level. Some of them are about plastic materials, some others are about products like packaging. The media and conditions of testing cover mainly the conditions designed for industrial composting facilities, and only a few concern home composting conditions. Considering that the end of life management of biodegradable agricultural plastic products will be done at the farm to reduce the management of the waste and also its cost, only a few of these norms are considered to be suitable for adaptation to cover also biodegradable agricultural plastic products. The biodegradability validation criteria under composting conditions, such as the threshold percentage of biodegradation and disintegration, the time and temperature, and the ecotoxicity, are presented for the main norms and standard testing methods. Based on these different norms and their content, a list of specs and technical requirements that could be adapted to meet farm composting conditions for agricultural compostable plastics is proposed. These requirements may be used as criteria for the establishment of a new integrative norm for agricultural compostable plastics.     

Research on Methods for Building Volcano Disaster Information System--taking Changbai Mountain as an example

1IntroductionAs a many-volcano-distributed country,China is covered with many volcanoes and lava rocks.A-mong the one-thousand-or-so volcanoes,Changbai Mountain Volcano,Wudalianchi Volcano,Tengchong Volcano and Ashikule Volcano of West Kunlun are the mostlatentcatastrophic erup-tive active volcanoes.In recent years,the activity of the earth' s crust in some volcanic areas isobviously becoming increasing violent.Butfew scholars have monitored and evaluated volcano inChina.So building VDI…     

昌黎生态监控区夏季浮游植物群落年际变化特征分析

为研究昌黎生态监控区夏季浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子关系,采用2005~2013年夏季(8月)昌黎生态监控区海域浮游植物及环境因子的监测资料,基于Arc GIS 10.0和Canoco软件平台,运用典范对应分析方法,对浮游植物群落结构进行分析.结果表明,近9 a共鉴定出浮游植物3门23科39属105种,其中,硅藻门16科32属90种,占浮游植物总数的85.7%;甲藻门共6科6属14种,占总种类数的13.3%;金藻门1种.各年的优势种存在很大差异,按照优势度Y值的大小包括辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiatus)、柔弱角毛藻(Coscinodiscus debilis)、笔尖根管藻(Rhizosolenia styliformis)、柏氏角管藻(Cerataulina bergoni)、威氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus wailesii)、海链藻(Thalassiosira sp.)、三角角藻(Ceratium tripos)、洛氏角毛藻(Coscinodiscus wailesii)、中肋骨条藻(Ceratium tripos)等.夏季细胞丰度年际变化较大,呈现逐渐降低的趋势.浮游植物的多样性指数H'值介于0.015~3.889,均匀度指数J值介于0.009~1,年际变化幅度较小;各站位间物种分布不均匀,优势种较少且优势度较大.对浮游植物群落与环境因子进行典范对应分析(CCA),结果表明影响夏季浮游植物群落结构变化的环境因子包括水温、营养盐(磷酸盐、硝酸氮、氨氮)、盐度等,且是各个环境因子相互作用的结果.