太湖流域畜禽养殖污染治理模式解析及对策研究

通过调研太湖流域典型养殖场污染治理模式,研究不同模式的优缺点,分析了在污染防治过程中存在问题及原因,并从源头削减、资源化利用、综合治理3方面针对性地提出了畜禽养殖污染防治技术对策,为科学有效开展太湖流域的水污染综合整治工作提供技术依据.     

区域协同机制在太湖主要入湖河流污染控制中的应用——以太[氵鬲]南运河为例

太湖流域属于平原河网区,水系相互连通.单一河流的整治往往不能解决问题,而是需要整个区域的协同控制.区域成员在统一规划的运作下,建立协同机制,加强区域间协作,实现所有区域的信息共享,提高污染治理效率,从而构成公平、共赢的局面,进而保持区域的经济、社会、环境协调发展.     

浅谈大气污染的危害及防治措施

大气污染通常是指由于人类活动或自然过程引起某些物质进入大气达到足够的时间,并对人类生活环境、生产和身体健康等方面产生危害的现象.目前已知的大气污染物有100多种,我国城市大气污染目前以煤烟型和汽车尾气型污染为主.要针对目前的大气现状,制定大气污染防治目标和对策,控制区域性大气环境质量,消除或减轻大气污染.     

粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属富集特征与环境质量评价

根据2003~2004年对柘林湾表层沉积物重金属调查资料,采用富集系数法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对其富集特征和潜在生态风险进行了分析与评价。结果表明:柘林表层沉积物各重金属元素的富集顺序为HgCuPbCdAsZnC r,其中Hg,Cu,Pb的富集系数大于1;以潜在生态风险指数评价,柘林湾表层沉积物重金属潜在生态风险总体上处于低水平,从空间上看,只有S1达到中等强度。就各重金属元素而言,Hg是柘林湾的主要污染元素,决定了海湾重金属综合生态风险水平及其空间差异分布格局。     

基于SMS软件的不同类型湖泊水质特征分析

根据湖泊与区域水路的关系,将湖泊划分为4种类型,运用SMS软件对不同类型湖泊CODMn浓度场进行了模拟,分析了不同条件下湖泊出口处以及不同湖区CODMn浓度的分布特征,并给出了相应的方程,结果表明:主水路穿过湖泊中部,最有利于污染物的扩散;当主水路穿过部分湖区,进出口相对位置存在较大角度时,湖泊内部污染物扩散速度次之;主水路仅穿过部分湖区,且进、出口位置均偏在同一侧时,最不利于污染物的扩散。该研究结果对区域湖泊的管理具有指导作用。     

赋权共原点灰色聚类方法在水库富营养化评价中的应用

以灰色理论为基础,提出了赋权共原点灰色聚类方法,并将该方法应用于10个大型水库的富营养化程度评价中,结果表明该方法具有监测数据利用率高、评价结果可靠、实用性强等特点,是一种评价水库富营养化程度的有效方法。     

基于Monte-Carlo法的瑶寨隧道岩体结构性质评价

本文以瑶寨隧道为研究对象,结合现场地质分析与结构面统计,以Monte-Carlo法为基础,对该隧道各测线不同等级围岩分别进行结构面网络模拟,评价遂道岩体的结构性质,并进行工程岩体分类,估算其力学参数,以为采取合适的围岩支护方式提供依据。     

环境监测分析进行常用玻璃量器检定的意义

在环境监测分析中,采用未经计量检定的玻璃量器进行样品分析,会造成测试结果出现偏差。通过一个实例,说明常用玻璃量器检定在环境监测分析中的意义。     

Can phosphate compounds be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in Pb-contaminated soils？

The effects of di erent phosphate-amendments on lead (Pb) uptake, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) in contaminated soils with 2500, or 5000 mg P2O5/kg soil of hydroxyapatite (HA), phosphate rock (PR), single-superphosphate (SSP) and the mix of HA/SSP (HASSP) were evaluated in pot experiments. Results showed that the Pb concentrations in shoots and roots decreased by 18.3%–51.6% and 16.8%–57.3% among the treatments respectively compared to the control samples. The e ciency order of these phosphate-amendments in reducing Pb uptake was as follows: HASSPt HA > SSP t PR.With the addition of SSP, HA and the mix of HA/SSP, the SOD activity in shoot was reduced markedly (P < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. For example, the SOD activities in shoot by the treatments of HASSP, SSP, and HA in 5000 mg P2O5/kg were found to be only 51.3%, 56.2%, and 56.7%, respectively. Similar e ects were also observed on the level of MDA in the shoots with a decrease in 24.5%–56.3%. The results verified the inference that phosphate compounds could be used to reduce the plant uptake of Pb and resist the Pb stress in the plant vegetated in Pb-contaminated soils.     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.