"一退两还"中的博弈分析与制度创新

“一退两还”即“退耕还林还草”，是我国政府在世纪之交所作出的一项旨在推进国民经济可持续发展的战略举措。本文运用博弈论的方法，通过对“一退两还”中的各个相关主体利益的思考和行为的辨析，结合分析结论，提出了对提高“一退两还”实施效果具有重要意义的制度创新思路。     

黄土高原水土流失治理若干问题的反思

本文通过对黄土高原半个世纪治理的反思 ,认为区域产业结构的调整及城市化水平的迅速提高是解决水土流失加剧及环境恶化的根本。同时 ,文章对小流域综合治理模式进行了总结 ,并提出黄土高原水土流失治理在区域综合发展、机制创新、资金筹措等方面应遵循的原则     

水资源全流域管理模式研究

水资源管理在社会经济发展中具有举足轻重的作用。本文通过分析国外流域管理的先进经验及发展趋势 ,结合我国实际 ,提出水资源全流域统一管理的模式 ,并指出这是我国水资源管理的必由之路     

Removal of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu Lake using local soils. I. Equilibrium and kinetic screening on the flocculation of Microcystis aeruginosa using commercially available clays and minerals

Algal removal abilities of 26 clays/minerals were classified into three categories according to the 8-h equilibrium removal efficiency (Q8h) and removal rate at a clay loading of 0.7 g/L. Type I clays (sepiolite, talc, ferric oxide, and kaolinite) had a Q8h > 90%, a t50 (time needed to remove 50% of the algae) < 15 min, and a t80 < 2.5 h. Type II clays (6 clays) had a Q8h 50-90%, a t50 < 2.5 h, and a t80 > 2.5 h. Type III clays (14 clays) with Q8h < 50%, t50 > 8 h and t80 > 14 h had no practical value in removal of algal blooms. When the clay loading was reduced to 0.2 g/L, Q8h for all the 25 materials decreased to below 60%, except for sepiolite whose Q8h remained about 97%. The high efficiency for sepiolite to flocculate M. aeruginosa cells in freshwaters was due to the mechanism of netting and bridging effect.     

中国生态环境保护管理体制改革思路与方向:国际社会的观察和建议

本文对2000年以来国际组织和研究机构针对中国生态环境保护管理体制改革的研究进行了梳理和分析,总结了这些研究中提出的现行生态环境保护管理体制存在的主要问题,以及对于中国生态环境保护管理体制改革思路和方向的政策建议。本文对已实现的建议进行了分析,提出了未来生态环境保护管理体制改革亟待解决的问题。     

转cry1Ab基因水稻中毒蛋白的表达、分泌及其在土壤中的残留

研究了转cry1Ab基因水稻(克螟稻)中Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达、根系分泌及其在土壤中的残留规律.结果表明,分蘖始期至成熟期,克螟稻地上部和根部中的Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达量(FW)分别为3.23～8.22 μg/g和0.68～0.89 μg/g.生育期间克螟稻根系分泌的Cry1Ab毒蛋白含量仅为1.66～48.02 ng/(株·d).试验证实,克螟稻根际土中的Cry1Ab毒蛋白残留含量低于检测限(<0.5ng/g 干燥土).生物测定还表明,克螟稻根际土及其提取液对棉铃虫初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫不产生致死性效应.相对于Cry1Ab毒蛋白的根系分泌转移,克螟稻秸秆还田对土壤环境的影响应引起重视.     

生淀粉糖化酶产生菌Aspergillus niger(6#)的分离筛选及其产酶条件

从大曲中分离到了1株降解生淀粉能力较强的黑曲霉Aspergillusniger(6#).固体发酵酶活可达2461U/g,RDA值为21.47%;液体发酵酶活可达353U/mL,RDA值为20.30%.以6#菌为实验材料,进一步考察了氮源、碳源及pH对生淀粉糖化酶形成的影响.实验结果表明,无机氮源NaNO3较有机氮源蛋白胨更有利于生淀粉糖化酶的形成;pH是影响生淀粉糖化酶形成的重要因素,低pH会阻遏生淀粉糖化酶的形成;玉米粉和麦芽糖较其它碳源更有利于生淀粉糖化酶的形成.图4表2参12     

广州城市生态环境变化

对广州城市生态环境因子的大气，水，固体废弃物和噪声污染状况近十年数据结合广州城市发展，分析其环境污染变化特征，结果表明，广州市大气环境污染已由煤烟型向石油型转变;环境中有机污染严重，主要表现为氨氮，BOD5，砷化物和汞化物污染，固体垃圾产出量逐年增加，声环境在逐步好转。     

复合人工湿地对有机污染物的去除效果初步研究

研究了由不同植物配置(驯化和未驯化)的两组下行和上行植物床组成的复合人工湿地对生活污水的净化效果。结果表明,CODCr和BOD5的去除率达67.3%,68.1%,总氮(TN)的去除率为26.9%,总磷(TP)的去除主要发生在上行床,去除率为81.6%。环芳烃(PAHs)中苊(Ace)、荧蒽(Flu)、芘(Py)、苯并[a]蒽(BaA)、屈(Chr)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BbF)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘(InP)和苯并[g,h,i](BPR)经下行床后,去除率超过80%,上行床去除较少。驯化床和未驯化床对PAHs的去除效果差异不显著。邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DiBP)经驯化床后,质量浓度显著升高,经未驯化床后邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)含量显著降低。蚕豆根尖微核实验表明,不同植物配置对微核率影响差异并不显著,毒害物质经下行床后大部分被去除。     

Variations in time budget of the polychaete Nereis virens as a function of density and acclimation after introduction to a new burrow

Behavioural patterns of Nereis virens (Sars) were monitored in the laboratory to determine variations in the time budget (i.e., percentage of time spent in various activities) as a function of density and acclimation period (number of days following the introduction of worms into experimental enclosures). Experiments were carried out from 17 June to 13 August 1989, using worms collected from intertidal sand flats of l'Anse à l'Orignal in the lower Saint Lawrence estuary, Canada. Inactivity, locomotion and irrigation were, in that order, the most frequent behaviours for solitary individuals. Correlations between the time spent in the various activities and time of day indicated a general increase in activity during the night (21.00 to 06.00 hrs). Locomotory activity increased at night, inactivity during the daytime. A general sequence of behaviour of N. virens was revealed. Inactivity, locomotion and irrigation were still the most frequent activities for individuals observed in high-density conditions, but their respective importance differed significantly (locomotion, irrigation and inactivity, in that order). There was also less variability in the time spent for each behaviour in the high-density aquarium. Comparisons between behaviour and time of day suggested fewer correlations among the different components of the time budgets under conditions of high density. Finally, the time budget varied but little over time (number of days alloved for acclimation) in the low-density aquarium as opposed to the high-density aquarium. Our study revealed that population density and acclimation are important in determining behavioural patterns of N. virens.