对规范环境监察执法工作的几点思考

结合环境执法工作实际,提出应对新形势下环境保护执法工作中存在问题的方法。     

加大对重点项目和民生项目建设的环境管理,充分发挥环评在产业结构调整、工业布局优化中的重要作用

加大对重点项目和民生项目建设的环境管理,充分发挥环评在产业结构调整、工业布局优化中的重要作用,是政府和环保部门当前必须认真对待的首要问题。     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的液相优化制备

在分析国外多种合成聚天冬氨酸(PASP)的方法的基础上,采用马来酸酐与氨水进行溶液聚合的方法制备聚天冬氨酸,并对产物的阻垢率、黏均相对分子质量、生物降解性等性能指标进行了评价.采用静态阻垢法评价产物的阻垢率;采用极限黏度法测定聚琥珀酰亚氨的聚合度,然后计算PASP的黏均相对分子质量;采用摇床法通过对比降解前后的COD检测PASP的生物降解性能.同时,根据性能指标的变化分别对原料的物质的量配比、聚合温度和聚合时间进行了单一条件的筛选.经实验确定的合成PASP的最佳条件是:原料物质的量配比1∶1.1,聚合温度160℃,聚合时间1 h.在此条件下合成的PASP阻垢率超过95%,生物降解性能达到70%.     

基于期望理论的违章行为管理思路探讨

通过对企业生产中违章行为心理动因的探索,提出了违章的行为函数,并对弗洛姆的期望理论进行了逆向解读和分析,从而佐证了违章行为函数的合理性,指出了从行为者心理动因角度减少或者杜绝违章行为的策略。     

Kinetics of enzymatic unhairing by protease in leather industry

In leather industry, unhairing is a heavy pollution operation. The conventional lime-sulfide process produces a large amount of sulfide which is toxic to health and difficult to dispose. Moreover, conventional lime-sulfide process leads to the destruction of the hair causing increased COD, BOD and TDS loads in the effluent. As an alternative method, enzymatic unhairing is a promising clean technology. The main utilized enzyme preparations are proteases.There are many reports about enzymatic unhairing, most of which are qualitative. The kinetics of enzymatic unhairing by protease was discussed in this article. It will provide useful information to enzymatic unhairing. In our research, by analysis of the concentrations of released total protein in enzyme bath during protease unhairing, the good linearity between released total protein and square root of time (min^1/2) was obtained at the initial stage. The good linearity suggests that enzymatic unhairing by protease is a diffusion-controlled process at the initial stage. The analysis of kinetics of released saccharides also confirms the same conclusion. On the other hand, the same characteristics between the kinetics of released saccharides and that of released total protein further confirms that it is the hydrolysis of core protein by protease that leads to the degradation of proteoglycans and the release of protein and saccharides. However, in our tests, the kinetics of released collagen indicates that the injury to skin took place in 3-6 h. Therefore, it’s necessary to control the time of protease unhairing within an appropriate limit.     

浅谈室内空气中甲醛污染控制措施

通过对室内空气中甲醛的污染特点介绍,以及不同情况下的甲醛检测,提出了相应控制措施,指出控制室内甲醛污染应从源头把好质量关,并采取物理通风换气以及化学净化、植物吸收等方法控制室内空气中甲醛的环境污染。     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

Cadmium removal from wastewater by sponge iron sphere prepared by hydrogen reduction

A new type of sponge iron sphere (NSIS) with 1-5 mm diameter, made of concentrated iron powder and possessed high activity and intension, was prepared by mini-pellet sintering integrated with H₂ direct reduction. Static state experiment has been carried on to investigate the Cd²⁺ removal efficiency from wastewater by the NSIS and to explore the Cd²⁺ removal reaction kinetics. It was suggested that initial pH value and Cd²⁺ original concentration had significant influence on Cd²⁺ removal percentage. Cd²⁺ removal percentage decreased significantly with the increasing of Cd²⁺original concentration whether the original pH value be adjusted to 3.0 or without adjustment. The results showed that the Cd²⁺ removal process followed the first order reaction because the reaction order was from 0.803 to 0.996. The apparent reaction rate constant between Cd²⁺ and NSIS was from 0.0025 to 0.1000 (mg·L^?1)^1-n·min^?1. Compared with SIS reduced by charcoal reduction, NSIS deoxided by hydrogen possessed higher activity, and could remove the same quantity of Cd²⁺ within a shorter period of time.     

水生植物对不同富营养化程度水体净化能力研究

为不同富营养化程度水体筛选出净化能力强的植物种类,文章采用模拟人工湿地系统处理人工配制污水的方法,以7d为一个采样周期,比较了5种植物(满江红、槐叶萍、四叶萍、黑藻和慈姑)在轻度、中度和重度富营养水体中TN、TP、NH4+-N去除能力.实验结果表明:5种植物处理能力随着富营养程度提高而增大.在重度富营养条件下,处理能力...     

土壤pH、Eh对土壤-苦丁茶树系统中铅分布的影响

以苫丁茶冬青(Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng)扦插苗(15个月生)进行盆栽实验,通过土施H2SO4、Ca(OH)2和复合肥,改变土壤pH和氧化还原电位(Eh),研究土壤pH、Eh条件对土壤-苦丁茶树系统中铅分布的影响.结果表明:在所研究的土壤pH范围内,从酸性到碱性变化,铅在土壤中含量分布趋于减少,在...