Effect of culturing temperatures on cadmium phytotoxicity alleviation by biochar

Biochar produced from rice straw at 400 °C (RS400) was prepared to determine its alleviating effect on Cd phytotoxicity to wheat seedlings under different cultivation temperatures and pH. A hydroponic system (pH 4.3) and a loam soil slurry system were designed to respectively simulate acidic and neutral soil condition, and cultivation at increasing temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) were performed to evaluate the greenhouse effect. The root and shoot elongation and the Cd concentration in root and solution were measured; furthermore, batch experiments for Cd adsorption were undertaken. An increasing inhibition of the root by Cd addition was observed at increasing temperatures. The inhibition rate was 50.50 and 20.80% in hydroponic system and slurry system at 25 °C, respectively; however, the corresponding inhibition rates of root were significantly decreased to 25.5 and 3.5% with addition of RS400. This is mainly attributed to the reduction of Cd migration into the roots by RS400, which decreased Cd bioavailability. The mechanism behind the reduced Cd bioavailability is attributed to the Cd adsorption and the strong buffering capacity of acidity by RS400. Therefore, biochar could be a potential amendment for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil even at increasing culturing temperatures.

     

Service quality evaluation in the context of a technology laboratory

The intent of this research is to investigate how the customers of a technological control laboratory for civil construction materials perceived the quality of the services delivered by the lab, specifically in regard to the service of concrete compression testing. The popular SERVQUAL scale, a multidimensional instrument used to capture customer expectations and perceptions, was used as a model for the application of a survey. Exploratory factor analyses were employed to evaluate customers’ perceptions and experiences of service quality in regard to the dimensions and accompanying attributes of the SERVQUAL scale. Twenty attributes, which were grouped within five dimensions (Reliability, Assurance, Tangibles, Responsiveness, and Empathy), were identified, explaining 80.417% of the variance between customer expectations and perceptions and characterizing these dimensions on a modified SERVQUAL scale. Analysis of the results allowed us to identify discrepancies in perceived service quality compared with customers’ expectations. Most of the identified gaps between expectations and perceptions resulted in negative values.     

庆大霉素和金霉素废水的处理试验研究

对庆大霉素、金霉素及其混合废水的厌氧、好氧处理进行静态试验。结果表明,对于ＣＯＤ为１９２４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的庆大霉素废水,当厌氧反应时间为３ｄ,好氧１０ｈ时,ＣＯＤ去除率为９８．４％;ＣＯＤ为７７４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的庆大霉素和金霉素混合废水（１：２）,厌氧处理２ｄ,好氧１０ｈ时,ＣＯＤ去除９５．８％;庆大霉素废水厌氧处理３ｄ,金霉素废水厌氧处理６ｈ,再将这２种废水混合进行好氧处理４ｈ,其最终出水ＣＯＤ可小于３００ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

关于厌氧流化床稳态机理模型和参数估计模型的推理性研究

本研究采用化繁为简的模型图式、质量平衡原理和实验中的经验数据进行了厌氧流化床消化有机废液过程稳态机理模型的推理,继而对机理模型作了线性化处理,得到厌氧流化床运行的稳态参数估计模型。这些模型可用于厌氧流化床运行的在线控制,具有理论和实用价值。     

化学合成聚3-羟基丁酸酯薄膜的生物降解性

利用土壤埋藏,海水降解,活性污泥及高等真菌降解实验对化学法合成的聚３－羟基丁酯,薄膜进行了生物降解性研究。结果表明,降解ＰＨＢ薄膜的微生分布比较广泛;     

连续年龄序列桉树人工林土壤微量元素含量及其影响因素

对连续年龄序列(2 a、3 a、4 a、5 a、6 a)桉树人工林土壤三种微量元素(Fe、Mn、Zn)的含量及其影响因素进行了分析,探讨了土壤微量元素含量随林分年龄的变化规律.土壤养分之间的相关性分析表明,所有年龄阶段的桉树人工林中土壤Fe、Mn、Zn含量与土壤pH值之间呈极显著的正相关,说明土壤微量元素含量强烈受土壤酸度的影响.土壤三种微量元素含量与土壤全K、全ca、全Mg等大量养分元素含量之间均存在显著或极显著的正相关,而与土壤有机C、全N、全P的相关性不明显(0～20 cm表层土壤的Zn除外).总的来说,土壤微量元素含量随桉树人工林年龄的增加呈下降趋势,其中6 a生桉树人工林各土壤层(0～20 cm、20～40 cm、40～60 cm)的Fe、Mn、Zn含量分别比2a生林分下降13.7%～21.8%、55.6%～57.2%和71.0%～73.2%.在当前桉树人工林种植方式下,随着林分年龄的增加,应增施有机、无机肥和Fe、Mn、Zn等微量元素肥料,以有效控制土壤地力衰退和实现桉树人工林可持续经营.     

智慧城市试点政策对城市安全水平的影响研究——基于区域异质性的视角

为探究新的城市管理模式(即智慧城市政策)对城市安全水平的影响,采用我国国内(不含港澳台,下同)156个地级市2007—2019年间的面板数据,结合双重差分法进行评估,利用双重差分倾向得分匹配法(PSM-DID)进一步验证,探讨区域异质性视角下智慧城市试点政策对城市安全水平的影响。研究结果表明：智慧城市试点政策的实施对城市安全水平具有显著的正向促进作用;在控制地区层面因素及各固定效应后,结果证明随着政策实施时间的推移正向促进作用逐渐增强;异质性分析结果表明智慧城市政策对特大型城市及东部地区城市影响较为显著,对非省会城市影响显著大于省会城市。     

Using machine learning method to predict food waste in catering industry under high resolution: a case in Dongguan

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Waste classification is comprehensively carried out in China as an important national-level policy, and the large amount and the wide range of food...     

硫酸锰渣污染土壤中重金属的形态分布及生物活性

测定了硫酸锰渣污染土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Mn的总量和各形态含量.结果表明重金属总量远超过环境背景值和土壤环境二级标准.重金属各形态分布特征:Cu,有机态>残渣态>铁锰氧化态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Zn,残渣态>铁锰氧化态>有机态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Cd,铁锰氧化态>可交换态>碳酸盐态>残渣态>有机态;Pb,铁锰氧化态>残渣态>有机态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Mn,铁锰氧化态>残渣态>可交换态>有机态>碳酸盐态.重金属的生物可利用性系数和迁移系数均为Cd>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn.     

T型氧化沟提高脱氮效率的技术改造

采用延长边沟闷曝时间的方法对BOD降解模式T型氧化沟进行提高脱氮效率的改造。结果表明,边沟闷曝时间由0.5 h增至1 h,系统反硝化和硝化运行时间比t_DN/t_N由0.56调整至0.50时,提高了系统的NH₃-N的硝化效率,强化了脱氮能力。工艺改造后出水NH3-N浓度由改造前15.5 mg/L显著降低至10.4 mg/L,达到了广东省地方标准（DB 44/26-2001）第一时段的二级排放要求;系统脱氮效率由改造前52.1%显著提高到68.3％,有效地解决了污水厂出水NH₃-N浓度过高的问题;具有投资少、效果明显的特点,有一定的推广价值。