Proteomics and 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis of pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus aquacultures isolated from sewage drains

Vibrio bacteria live in both marine and freshwater habitats and are associated with aquatic animals. Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that infects people and livestock. It is usually found in offshore waters or within fish and shellfish. This study presents a comparative proteomic analysis of the outer membrane protein (OMP) changes in V. vulnificus proteins after stimulation with sewage from sewage drains. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, 32 protein spots with significant differences in abundance were identified and characterized. These identified proteins were found to be involved in various functional categories, including catalysis, transport, membrane proteins progresses, receptor activity, energy metabolism, cytokine activity, and protein metabolism. The mRNA expression levels of 12 differential proteins were further assessed by qRT-PCR. Seven genes including carboxypeptidase, hemoglobin receptor, succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit, ATP synthase subunit alpha, thioredoxin, succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit, and alanine dehydrogenase were downregulated upon stimulation, whereas the protein expression levels HupA receptor, type I secretion outer membrane protein, glutamine synthetase, superoxide dismutase, OmpU, and VuuA were upregulated. ¹H NMR spectra showed 18 dysregulated metabolites from V. vulnificus after the sewage stimulation and the pathogenicity was enhanced after that.

     

微生物除臭剂的筛选、复配及其除臭条件的优化

为了获取作为除臭微生物制剂的候选菌株,从垃圾渗滤液中分离筛选了4株具有对NH3和H2S高效降解菌株,分别标记为CC3、CC7、CC13和CC16.通过形态、生理生化和16S r DNA序列分析,分别鉴定为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)、粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis).菌株CC7、CC13和CC16组成的复配组合除臭效率最优,其复配比例为1∶1.5∶0.5,对NH3和H2S的去除率分别为83.56%和70.25%.通过单因素实验,确定微生物除臭剂最佳除臭条件:除臭时间为60 h,菌剂使用量为5%,除臭温度为30℃,初始培养基p H值为6.5.     

苯酚降解菌的筛选及其降解性能研究

苯酚是造纸、塑料、农药、医药合成等行业生产的原料或中间体。随着经济的发展,未经处理的含酚废水对人类的生存环境已经造成了严重的威胁。利用微生物降解的方法处理含酚废水是一种经济有效且无二次污染的方法。论文通过从被苯酚废水污染的污泥和污水中进行筛选细菌,得到11株耐受菌和降酚菌,在以苯酚为单碳源的培养上筛选降酚菌,通过药物培养得到7株高效降解酚菌。选择8号菌为研究菌种,进一步测定苯酚降解的影响因素。考察了温度、pH值、苯酚初始浓度、接种量对苯酚降解的影响。得出该菌的最适温度为30℃,最适降酚pH为8.0～9．0,最适初始苯酚浓度为200—240mg/L,最适接菌量为10％～15％。通过对8号菌降解苯酚的应用价值进行研究,得出8号菌的苯酚降解率可达到90．01％,耐酚浓度可达1．6g/L。     

Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces under UV irradiation

Photolysis of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soil surfaces may play an important role in the fate of PAHs in the environment.Photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces under UV irradiation was investigated.The effects of oxygen,irradiation intensity and soil moisture on the degradation of the three PAHs were observed.The results showed that oxygen,soil moisture and irradiation intensity enhanced the photolysis of the three PAHs on soil surfaces.The degradation of the three PAHs on soil surfaces is related to their absorption spectra and the oxidation-half-wave potential.The photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces in the presence of oxygen followed pseudo first-order kinetics.The photolysis half-lives ranged from 37.87 days for benzo[a]pyrene to 58.73 days for phenanthrene.The results indicate that photolysis is a successful way to remediate PAHs-contaminated soils.     

造纸工业水污染现状与治理措施

造纸行业企业数量多、规模差异大、能耗高、水污染物排放量大,应控制造纸工业的水污染,改善环境,进一步减轻造纸行业废水排放对水体的污染.本文分析了制浆、抄纸等工艺产生的污染物,针对具体工艺提出治理方法与措施.     

应用嵌套网格模式系统对沈阳市环境空气质量的数值模拟研究

利用嵌套网格空气质量预报模式(NAQPMS)对沈阳市大气污染物的输送与化学转化进行了数值模拟研究,并对SO2、NO2和PM10等大气污染物浓度的模拟结果与监测结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,NAQPMS模式系统能较好地模拟出沈阳市的大气污染物输送与化学转化情况,SO2 NO2和PM10的模拟值与观测值具有较好的一致性,说明该模式能较好地反映这些大气污染物的分布特征和变化规律,可为今后深入开展沈阳市大气污染数值预报与传输扩散研究提供有效的手段.     

Assessment models and dynamic variables for dynamic life cycle assessment of buildings: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used to quantify the environmental performance of buildings. Recently, the potential temporal variations in the...     

Selecting low-carbon technologies and measures for high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, Delphi method was used to evaluate the low-carbon technologies and measures for high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake...     

Combined pollution of arsenic and Polymyxin B enhanced arsenic toxicity and enriched ARG abundance in soil and earthworm gut microbiotas

Polymyxin B (PMB) is considered as the last line of antibiotic defense available to humans. The environmental effects of the combined pollution with PMB and heavy metals and their interaction mechanisms are unclear. We explored the effects of the combined pollution with PMB and arsenic (As) on the microbial composition of the soil and in the earthworm gut, as well as the spread and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that, compared with As alone, the combined addition of PMB and As could significantly increase the bioaccumulation factor and toxicity of As in earthworm tissues by 12.1% and 16.0%, respectively. PMB treatment could significantly increase the abundance of Actinobacteria in the earthworm gut (from 35.6% to 45.2%), and As stress could significantly increase the abundance of Proteobacteria (from 19.8% to 56.9%). PMB and As stress both could significantly increase the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which were positively correlated, indicating that ARGs might be horizontally transferred. The inactivation of antibiotics was the main resistance mechanism that microbes use to resist PMB and As stress. Network analysis showed that PMB and As might have antagonistic effects through competition with multi-drug resistant ARGs. The combined pollution by PMB and As significantly promoted the relative abundance of microbes carrying multi-drug resistant ARGs and MGEs, thereby increasing the risk of transmission of ARGs. This research advances the understanding of the interaction mechanism between antibiotics and heavy metals and provides new theoretical guidance for the environmental risk assessment and combined pollution management.     

延迟焦化装置非密闭除焦工序职业病危害程度分析

目的 了解延迟焦化装置非密闭除焦工序职业病危害程度.方法 选取某大型炼化企业延迟焦化装置一套,通过现场调查,确定非密闭式除焦工序存在的主要职业病危害因素及其接触岗位,对职业病危害因素进行检测,评判并分析各岗位化学有害因素职业接触水平,确定职业病危害程度.结果 除焦工岗位接触硫化氢、粉尘危害因素检测结果超标,装车工接触粉尘危害因素检测结果超标.除焦工硫化氢、粉尘接触水平均为Ⅳ级,装车工粉尘接触水平为Ⅳ级.结论 加强延迟焦化装置非密闭除焦工序个人使用的职业病防护用品的配备,新建延迟焦化装置应尽量选择密闭除焦技术,当前运行的存在非密闭除焦工序的延迟焦化装置应进行工艺技术改造.