N-取代氟乙酰胺结构与急性毒性的CoMFA和CoMSIA研究

采用比较分子场分析(Co MFA)法和比较分子相似性分析(Co MSIA)法,对19种N-取代氟乙酰胺的小鼠急性毒性进行三维定量结构活性关系(3D-QSAR)的研究,模拟计算不同基团在立体场和静电场中对化合物急性毒性的影响,采用交叉验证相关系数(Q2)、非交叉验证相关系数(R2)表征模型的优劣。结果表明,Co MFA模型的交叉验证系数Q2为0.563,非交叉验证系数R2为0.992,优于二维构效关系,且其急性毒性主要由其立体场决定;单独采用立体场的Co MSIA模型预测能力最强,交叉验证系数Q2为0.767。在不同场组合的Co MSIA模型中,立体场和疏水场的贡献最大,而静电场的贡献最小。     

制革厂铬鞣废水中铬的回收处理研究

针对制革厂铬鞣废水含铬(Cr3 )量高、成分复杂、沉淀后铬泥纯度低的问题,本实验采用优化后的直接加碱沉淀法、絮凝后再加碱沉淀法和新型的硅铁电极法来回收铬鞣废水中的铬.3种方法所得铬泥的纯度分别在36%、65%和80%以上,比原铬泥纯度(27.7%)最多提高了近2倍.     

多种方法测量全国辐射环境监测质量考核样对比研究

介绍了有源效率刻度法及实验室γ谱无源效率刻度系统(LabSOCS)在样品活度浓度分析中的原理,利用多型号低本底高纯锗γ谱仪,通过生态环境部辐射环境监测技术中心(下称技术中心)提供的沉降物考核样品,进行了两种分析方法的对比分析,对LabSOCS软件可靠性进行验证并对比不同型号探测器性能.两种方法所得核素活度浓度结果与技术...     

一株穗花狐尾藻内生菌的分离鉴定及其溶磷特征研究

通过组织表面消毒、切面培养和共生培养的方法从健康的穗花狐尾藻植株体内分离获得了一株具有较强溶磷能力的内生菌,系统发育分析和VITEK 2系统鉴定结果表明,内生菌与沙雷氏菌的亲缘关系最近,因此,命名为Serratia sp.SP5.纯培养实验表明,菌株SP5通过产生酸性物质溶磷,在培养96 h后溶磷能力达到最大,溶解性磷酸根的浓度高达269.60 mg·L-1,培养液的p H值下降至4.32.氮源通过降低菌株SP5的产酸能力而间接影响了其对磷的释放能力,菌株SP5溶磷的氮源优先利用顺序为铵根离子硝酸根离子尿素.适宜菌株SP5生长的p H值范围为5~9,酸性条件下菌株的溶磷能力大于碱性条件,而在p H值为7时与对照相比菌株对磷的相对释放量最大.p H值达到9时,菌株无明显溶磷能力.共存高浓度的金属离子时菌株SP5的溶磷效果明显降低,影响程度的大小顺序为MnFeMg.菌株SP5溶磷的最佳碳氮比为35∶1,在相同碳氮比下,不同的碳氮量会明显影响溶磷效果.底泥模拟培养条件下,菌株SP5可通过释放底泥中的闭蓄态磷(O-P)和钙磷(Ca-P)而明显提高水相中的磷酸根离子浓度,与对照相比,底泥中这两种磷形态分别下降了15.21%和34.87%,而水相中溶解性磷酸根离子是对照的1.5~2.0倍.研究结果为研究富营养化水体中磷的生物地球化学过程提供了新的科学数据.     

Determination of hexabromocyclododecanes in sediments from the Haihe River in China by an optimized HPLC–MS–MS method

Hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs),a new type of persistent organic pollutants widely used as brominated flame retardants,have attracted wide attention due to their increasing level and toxicity. A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS–MS)in electrospray ionization mode has been developed by optimization of various parameters,which effectively improved the separation degree and responsive intensity of α-,β-and γ-HBCD isomers. The concentrations and distribution profiles of three HBCD isomers were investigated in sediments from the Haihe River in China.It was observed that the concentrations of HBCDs varied in the range of 0.4–58.82 ng/g,showing a decreasing trend along the flow direction,possibly due to attenuation and biodegradation along the flow direction of the Haihe River. The distribution profile of α-,β-,γ-HBCD was 7.91%–88.6%,0–91.47%,and 0.62%–42.83%,respectively. Interestingly,α-HBCD dominated in most sample sites. This was different from the distribution profile in commercial industrial products,which might be attributed to the inter-transformation and different degradation rates of the three HBCD isomers. The potential ecological risk of HBCDs in sediment was characterized under the two-tiered procedure of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency for environmental risk assessment. Although the HBCDs in the selected section of the Haihe River presented "no risk" in the sediment compartment,its risk in sediment cannot be neglected since sediment is one of the important sinks and reservoirs of pollutants.     

Re-emergence of a GII.4 Norovirus Sydney 2012 Variant Equipped with GII.P16 RdRp and Its Predominance over Novel Variants of GII.17 in South Korea in 2016

Noroviruses are major causative pathogen of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Of the seven genogroups of noroviruses suggested recently, genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) had been the most common genotype identified in hospitalized patients in the last few decades. However, since the latter half of 2014, new variants of GII.17 have been reported as the main causes of outbreaks over GII.4 in East Asia and have also occurred in America and Europe. In this study, we monitored norovirus GII in coastal streams at South Gyeongsang province and South Jeolla province of South Korea from March 2015 to May 2016. Norovirus GII.17 capsid sequences were predominantly detected until September 2015 in water samples. However, we found that the number of positive cases of the norovirus GII.4 Sydney 2012 capsid sequence has been increasing since December 2015, overtaking that of GII.17 in 2016. The RdRp genotype of this predominant GII.4 variant in 2016 was identified as GII.P16. The emergence and predominance of the GII.4 pandemic capsid sequence harboring a different RdRp genotype suggested the potential for a future pandemic.     

总磷TNT试剂在地表水环境监测中的应用研究

为有效监控地表水环境中总磷的变化趋势,落实环境保护水污染防治行动计划.选择稳定性好、分析高效、低能耗的总磷TNT试剂对南京市的长江流域水源地、城市内河道及湖泊治理监控区的地表水环境样品进行监测.应用该试剂测定总磷的方法检出限为0.008 mg/L,相对标准偏差为2.2%~7.4%(n=6),加标回收率为91.0%~110%,有证标准样品同步验证测试的相对误差为-1.3%~1.4%.试验证实总磷TNT试剂应用结果能够满足地表水环境中总磷监测的精密度、准确度要求.     

灰色理论在预测鱼田堡煤矿矿井涌水量中的应用

煤矿地下水动态的预测预报始终存在着计算过程复杂、计算量大、且难以兼顾影响矿井充水的各种因素、精度较低的特点;灰色系统理论则具有高度的概括性、简单的计算过程和极佳的预测精度,因此在工程界得到了广泛的应用。本文采用灰色系统理论,以灰色理论GM（1,1）模型为基础对重庆鱼田堡煤矿矿井涌水量进行预测。结果表明,该方法在预测矿井涌水量中是一种简便而有效的好方法。根据涌水量预测结果,为矿井设计排水方案的最优化选择提供科学依据。     

聚羧酸系高效减水剂在纸面石膏板生产中的应用

纸面石膏板属于绿色建材,随着中国国民经济的飞速发展,国内对纸面石膏板的需求日益旺盛,该行业得到了很大的发展。将聚羧酸高效减水剂应用于纸面石膏板生产中,减水效果明显,可缩短制品的干燥周期,节约能耗,有利于提高企业经济效益,是纸面石膏板行业一个非常好、值得推广的清洁生产方案。