六氯苯的O3及UV/O3高级氧化降解试验研究

采用O3、UV/O3高级氧化法对水中六氯苯(HCB)的降解效果及机理进行了研究,并对结果进行了比较,结果表明,UV本身对HCB的去除率贡献不大,HCB可被O3、UV/O3快速降解,即UV＜O3＜UV/O3;O3、UV/O3作用时,提高体系的初始pH值不利于HCB的降解,在pH=3,HCB=0.2 mg/L,反应40 min时,HCB的去除可达50%左右,酸性条件下有利于降解反应的进行;无论是O3单独作用还是UV/O3联合作用,HCB的降解基本上满足准一级反应动力学规律,如果体系的pH值基本保持恒定,这种规律就更为明显.根据离子色谱(IC)、GC对六氯苯降解中间产物进行了测定,探讨了O3、UV/O3降解六氯苯的途径和机理.     

Effect of denitrifying bacteria on the electrochemical reaction of activated carbon fiber in electrochemical biofilm system

An electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm system consisting of activated carbon fiber electrodes immobilized with denitrifying bacteria film as cathode was studied. A revised model for an electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm was developed and validated by electrochemical analysis of cathodal polarization curves and nitrate consumption rate. The cathodal polarization curve and nitrate consumption rate were introduced to verify the rate of electrochemical reaction and the activity of denitrifying bacteria, respectively. It was shown that the denitrification process effectively strengthened the electrochemical reaction while the electron also intensified denitrification activity. Electron was transferred between electrochemical process and biological process not only by hydrogen molecule but also by new produced active hydrogen atom. Additionally, a parameter of apparent exchange current density was deprived from the cathodal polarization curve with high overpotential, and a new bio-effect current density was defined through statistical analysis, which was linearly dependent to the activity of denitrification bacteria. Activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode was also found to be more suitable to the electrochemical denitrifying system compared with graphite and platinum.     

微生物菌剂对不同废水的适配试验

采用15种不同的微生物菌剂,以葡萄糖配水、中药提取废水、啤酒废水、氨氮配水等为基质,分别测定了微生物菌剂的耗氧速率和厌氧比产甲烷速率,以单位菌剂对不同基质的耗氧速率和厌氧比产甲烷活性为指标,比较了各菌剂对废水的适配性.根据测定结果选择活性高的菌剂,在试验室进行了菌剂对废水的连续处理试验.结果表明,不同菌剂对同一种废水的好氧或厌氧活性不同,同种菌剂对不同废水的好氧和厌氧活性不同.废水的连续处理试验取得良好的处理效果.No.8菌剂处理葡萄糖配水,系统有机负荷最高可达(COD)10.8 g L-1d-1,COD去除率可达90%以上;采用No.10菌剂处理氨氮配水,好氧氨氮负荷可达(NH4-N )1.42 g L-1d-1,厌氧氨氮负荷可达(NH4-N )0.3 gL-1d-1,系统NH4-N 去除率可达90%以上.图2表3参8     

水体突发污染事件的在线生物监测技术研究进展

水体突发性污染事件的污染方式具有多样性,污染物种类具有复杂性。水体突发污染事件的特征决定在线生物监测的难度。结合受试生物种类和生物生理生态指标的不同,综合分析了已经报道的水体污染在线生物监测技术。根据统计分析结果,已经报道的水体突发性污染在线生物监测技术主要分为:基于生物行为变化的在线生物监测技术、基于生物生理变化的在线生物监测技术和基于综合生物指标的在线生物监测技术3类。在不同生物种类和生理生态指标分析基础上,对不同在线生物监测技术的基本原理和优缺点进行分析,也对不同在线生物监测技术存在的缺点提出解决的主要方案,为水体突发污染事件监测分析提供支持,以满足水体突发污染事件的在线监测和应急管理需求。     

Analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This study describes a fast activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction (ACF-SPME) method for determining organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water. The pesticides in this study consist of Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and alpha-, beta-, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The optimal experimental procedures for the adsorption and desorption of four OCPs were evaluated. The linearity was obtained with a RSD of 20% for the OCPs studied over a range from 1.0 to 100 microg/L. The limits of detection at ng/L level were achieved with GC-MS under selected ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was applied to the determination of OCPs concentration in tap water. The results have demonstrated the suitability of the ACF-SPME-GC-MS approach for the analysis of multi-residue OCPs in water. Compared to the commercial fiber, ACF has shown its advantages in solvent-resistance, thermal stability, and the cost. The results obtained in this study suggest that ACF is a promising choice in solid phase microextraction.     

多维气相色谱分离TCDDs和PCBs

本文描述用多维气相色谱(SE-54柱/FFAP柱)和FID/ECD并行检测系统分析TCDDs和PCBs的方法。经SE-54柱切割的目的部分立即进入FFAP柱分离,中间不需用冷捕集技术。结果表明,该方法是选择检测复杂环境样品中痕量毒物的有效方法。     

Distribution of mercury in the combustion products from coal-fired power plants in Guizhou,southwest China

Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to sample the mercury in the flue gas discharged from the seven power plants in Guizhou Province, southwest China. In order to investigate the mercury migration and transformation during coal combustion and pollution control process, the contents of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were measured. The mercury in the flue gas released into the atmosphere mainly existed in the form of Hg°. The precipitator shows a superior ability to remove Hg^p (particulate mercury) from flue gas. The removal efficiency of Hg²⁺ by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) was significantly higher than that for the other two forms of mercury. The synergistic removal efficiency of mercury by the air pollution control devices (APCDs) installed in the studied power plants is 66.69–97.56%. The Hg mass balance for the tested seven coal-fired power plants varied from 72.87% to 109.67% during the sampling time. After flue gas flowing through APCDs, most of the mercury in coal was enriched in fly ash and gypsum, with only a small portion released into the atmosphere with the flue gas. The maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.

Implications: Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to test the mercury concentration in the flue gas discharged from seven power plants in Guizhou Province, China. The concentrations of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were also measured. By comparison of the mercury content of different products, we found that the maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum, instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.     

多孔软性填料对乳品废水好氧生物降解过程中COD降解速率的影响

近年来中国的牛奶生产呈快速增长之势,乳品加工业成为近几年发展较快的产业之一.因此,乳品废水的处理就成为必须要解决的问题.目前,乳品废水的处理以好氧生物处理法为主.研究了投加多孔软性填料后乳品废水好氧生物处理过程中COD的变化,试验结果表明,加入多孔软性填料,乳品废水中有机污染物的降解速率显著增加;在这个过程中,起主要作用的是附着在填料表面的好氧微生物的降解作用;同时,系统的抗污染物冲击负荷能力显著提高.     

全固废无水泥钢渣重载路面混凝土的研究及工程应用

在完全不使用硅酸盐水泥的条件下,系统研究了以碱溶液激发钢渣、矿渣细粉、粉煤灰等工业废渣粉制备胶凝材料,钢渣为粗细骨料全部代替传统天然砂石,配置路面混凝土。配置出28d抗压强度达44MPa,抗折强度达8.3MPa同时具有良好工作性能的钢渣路面混凝土。进行重载路面工程试验的效果良好。     

情景分析法在赣江流域水污染控制规划中的应用

采用在水污染控制规划中有广泛应用的情景分析法，从流域水环境功能分区出发，根据赣江流域各市县的社会经济发展规划和污染源排放量的预测结果，对流域的水污染控制设计了一系列不同的情景方案，首先通过情景水水质模拟和情景经济分析，初选出适用的方案，再运用多目标决策方法，从水质，经费，施工，社会影响等方面进行综合评定，据此定出筛选方案优劣和先后的顺序，并提出赣江流域水污染控制规划的推荐方案，研究表明，情景分析方法对于流域的整体规划的综合性，完整性，可持续性等方面具有着良好的指导意义。