Fate and transformation of naphthylaminesulfonic azo dye Reactive Black 5 during wastewater treatment process

Certain aromatic amines generated by the decolorization of some azo dyes are not removed substantially by conventional anaerobic–aerobic biotreatment. These aromatic amines are potentially toxic and often released in the wastewater of industrial plants. In this study, the fate and transformation of the naphthylaminesulfonic azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) during different phases of a sequencing batch reactor were investigated. The major products of RB5 decolorization during the anaerobic phase include 2-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]ethyl hydrogen sulfate (APSEHS) and 1-2-7-triamino-8-hydroxy-3-6-naphthalinedisulfate (TAHNDS). During the aerobic phase, APSEHS was hydrolyzed and produced 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, which was further degraded via dearomatization. TAHNDS was transformed rapidly via auto-oxidation into TAHNDS_DP-1 and TAHNDS_DP-2, which were not further removed by the activated sludge during the entire 30-day aerobic phase. In contrast, different behaviors of TAHNDS were observed during the anoxic phase. The transformation of TAHNDS was initiated either by deamination or desulfonation reaction. TAHNDS was then converted into 3,5-diamino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, which was subsequently removed via ring cleavage reaction under aerobic condition. In conclusion, complete degradation of TAHNDS by activated sludge occurs only during anoxic/aerobic processes instead of the conventional anaerobic/aerobic processes.     

2种连续提取法提取3种类型土壤中重金属研究

连续提取法作为一种重要的化学分析方法,是土壤中重金属元素形态分析的主要环节,但不同提取法对于不同的土壤类型及同类土壤中不同重金属形态的提取效果差异很大.本文采用Tessier法和Maiz法等2种不同的连续提取法对华中地区常见的3种类型土壤(红壤、黄棕壤和黄褐土)中的Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn分别进行重金属形态分析,同时对Tessier法和Maiz法获得的结果进行了对比和分析.     

Evaluation of soil washing process with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin and carboxymethyl chitosan for recovery of PAHs/heavy metals/fluorine from metallurgic plant site

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)/heavy metals/fluorine(F) mixed-contaminated sites caused by abandoned metallurgic plants are receiving wide attention. To address the associated environmental problems,this study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin(CMCD) and carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC) solution to enhance ex situ soil washing for extracting mixed contaminants. Further,Tenax extraction method was combined with a first-three-compartment model to evaluate the environmental risk of residual PAHs in washed soil. In addition,the redistribution of heavy metals/F after decontamination was also estimated using a sequential extraction procedure. Three successive washing cycles using50 g/L CMCD and 5 g/L CMC solution were effective to remove 94.3% of total PAHs,93.2% of Pb,85.8% of Cd,93.4% of Cr,83.2% of Ni and 97.3% of F simultaneously. After the 3rd washing,the residual PAHs mainly existed as very slowly desorbing fractions,which were in the form of well-aged,well-sequestered compounds; while the remaining Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni and F mainly existed as Fe–Mn oxide and residual fractions,which were always present in stable mineral forms or bound to non-labile soil fractions. Therefore,this combined cleanup strategy proved to be effective and environmentally friendly.     

工业废气中甲苯的生物降解研究

采用生物膜填料塔进行净化低浓度甲苯废气的研究结果表明，构成生物膜的假单胞菌属中的短杆菌对废气中甲苯有很强的生化降解能力，每升体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达１０４．４ｍｇ／ｈ，且当入口气体甲苯浓度约低于２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，单塔净化效率可保持在８０％以上。反应级数的转换约在其液相浓度为０．８—１．２ｍｇ／Ｌ（相当于气相浓度约１．７—２．１ｍｇ／Ｌ）时发生。     

废旧线路板回收的污染防治技术综述

废旧线路板回收不仅能够解决电子废弃物迅速增长带来的环境污染问题,而且可以实现资源再生利用,是中国当前鼓励发展的行业。线路板回收过程也将不可避免的带来一定环境污染问题。中国企业现阶段常用的线路板回收工艺主要包括机械物理法、湿法冶金、火法冶金、热解法等。废旧线路板的回收工艺不同,污染物产生特点也不同,企业应根据线路板回收工艺有针对性的选择污染防治措施。线路板回收过程中产生的废渣再利用应成为今后研究的重点。     

不同植被恢复模式对土壤有机碳分子结构及其稳定性的影响

为揭示不同植被恢复模式对土壤有机碳分子结构及其稳定性的影响机理,分别在浙江凤阳山国家级自然保护区的石梁岙和凤阳湖设置样地,采用13C核磁共振技术分析常绿阔叶林与杉木林、柳杉林与针阔混交林全土和不同粒级(0~0.5、>0.5~2.0、>2.0~5.0、>5.0 mm)土壤团聚体中有机碳的质量分数及其分子结构特征. 结果表明:①常绿阔叶林0~20 cm层全土w(有机碳)(12.84 g/kg)显著高于杉木林(9.98 g/kg),柳杉林(13.93 g/kg)显著高于针阔混交林(11.54 g/kg) (P<0.05). 不同植被恢复模式下,土壤团聚体w(有机碳)总体上均随着粒径的增大呈降低趋势. ②与杉木林相比,常绿阔叶林全土有机碳中w(烷氧碳)较高,w(烷基碳)、w(芳香碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)则较低,显示常绿阔叶林全土有机碳稳定性较差;与针阔混交林相比,柳杉林全土有机碳中w(烷基碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)较高,w(烷氧碳)则较低,显示柳杉林全土有机碳稳定性较好. 与0~20 cm层相比,不同植被恢复模式下>20~40 cm层全土w(烷氧碳)均明显降低,w(烷基碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)均明显升高,有机碳稳定性变好. ③随着粒径的增大,不同植被恢复模式下土壤团聚体的w(烷基碳)、w(烷基碳)/w(烷氧碳)、w(疏水碳)/w(亲水碳)均呈降低趋势,w(烷氧碳)均呈升高趋势,说明团聚体结合的有机碳稳定性逐渐变差. 研究显示,不同植被恢复模式下的不同树种组成是影响土壤有机碳质量分数及其分子结构、稳定性差异的主要因素.      

牡丹江流域水质变化趋势及水环境污染特征研究

通过对牡丹江近10年水质监测、评价及变化趋势研究,采用单项污染指数评价法、环境功能区达标评价法,评价牡丹江丰水期、平水期、枯水期水质现状,给出超标项目与超标倍数,计算污染分担率、污染负荷比,绘制主要污染物各断面浓度变化图,总结牡丹江污染特点和水质变化趋势,得出牡丹江水环境污染特征,为环境管理提供科学依据。     

~(134)Cs在水相生态系中的行为——~(134)Cs在水-萍-底泥中的消长与分配

~(134)Cs在水-萍-底泥系统中的消长遵循指数回归形式;萍能从水体中吸收~(134)Cs,并富集在其体内.萍种间的富集能力有差异,其中,小叶满江红>满江红>蕨状满江红>浮萍>卡州满江红,底泥对水体中的~(134)Cs有很强的吸附能力,从而减少萍对水体中Cs的吸收量;在适当的土水比下,底泥能有效地去除水体中的~(134)Cs;钾离子能抑制萍对~(134)Cs的吸收.     

制氧机组排气噪声消声器设计

冶金行业制氧机组氧气排气噪声属 4极子亚声速喷注噪声 ,其声功率与流速的八次方成正比 ,产生的噪声很强。本文以河北某钢铁集团公司为例 ,对制氧机组排气噪声的特性进行了探讨 ,设计了阻抗复合式三级扩容减压小孔喷注消声器 ,工程实施后证明 ,消声器设计合理 ,达到了预期的降噪效果     

基于环境库兹涅茨曲线理论的中国“先污染，后治理”问题的研究

研究表明,经济发展与环境退化之间经常呈现倒“U”型曲线关系,许多学者将其定义为环境库兹涅茨曲线（Environmental Kuznets Curves,EKC）,并将其运用到对发展中国家和发达国家的“先污染,后治理”的发展模式的解释之中,但是环境库兹涅茨曲线假说本身并不完善。利用现有数据建立了针对CO2和水污染物COD排放量的中国的环境库兹涅茨曲线。同时对其未来走势进行预测,得出结论：近期内CO2排放量会随着经济的发展持续增加;而COD的排放量已经趋于稳定,只会有略微增加。