预制床法生物修复胜利油田含油污泥的研究

针对胜利油田滨一污水站产生的含油污泥,建立了面积2400 m2的预制床处理工程,使用石油降解菌菌剂对含油量为110 160mg(以每千克烘干含油污泥计)的污泥进行了生物修复,经过160 d的处理后,含油污泥中石油降解率可达52.75%.针对北方冬季低温的特点,在处理场中建立了温室保温措施.温室内外修复效果的比较表明,在冬季采取适当的保温措施可以明显提高污泥中石油烃类的降解率.     

浙江省某印染企业VOCs的产生特征及去除特性

为探究印染行业生产过程中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)的产生特征及现有控制措施对VOCs的去除效果,选取浙江某典型印染企业作为研究对象,调查了该企业主要VOCs污染源(包括定型机、配料间及污水站)的废气产生特征,测定和评价了各废气处理装置对VOCs的去除效果。结果表明,该企业定型机、配料间及污水站产生的有组织废气总流量分别为8.6×10⁵、7.4×10⁴、2.8×10⁴ m³·h⁻¹,产生的VOCs平均浓度分别为14.7、9.0和14.9 mg·m⁻³,有组织废气源VOCs的年产生总量约为80 t。定型车间、印染车间和污水站附近无组织VOCs的平均浓度分别约为0.66、0.16和0.59 mg·m⁻³。产生的典型VOCs包括苯甲酸苄酯、五氟丙酸三十八烷酯、乙二醇单丁醚、十六烷、异喹啉等。定型机废气采用“冷却+静电”或“喷淋+静电”工艺处理,其对VOCs的去除率仅为2%~6%。配料间和污水站产生废气采用“碱洗+次氯酸钠洗涤”工艺处理,其对VOCs的去除率为8%~58%。研究结果可为印染行业VOCs污染控制提供参考。     

温州市区内河水质毒性评价

采用分析水质理化指标及蚕豆根尖微核试验对市区内河水质进行监测,并结合现场调查,评价市区内河水污染状况,结果表明市区内河水污染较重,并具有一定遗传毒性.     

Effects of aluminum on physiological metabolism and antioxidant system of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

We have found that rice bran effectively adsorbed chloroform from tap water. The amount of chloroform adsorbed was plotted against the equilibrium concentration of chloroform in solution on a logarithmic scale. A linear relationship was obtained, indicating that the adsorption reaction was a Freundlich type. The removal of chloroform by rice bran was attributed to the uptake into intracellular particles called spherosomes.     

Trace analysis of dissolved polychlorinated organic compounds in the water of the Yangtse River (Nanjing, China)

Eighteen organochlorine contaminants from the water samples of the Yangtse River have been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The analysis of polychlorinated organic compounds (PCOCs) extracted by C18 Solid Phase Extract (SPE) was performed using HP6890 gas chromatograph coupled by ECD detector. The analytical results demonstrate that the analytical methods are reliable based on the fact that most of the recoveries for the targeted compounds are 60-90%. Most of the concerned contaminants, i.e. chlorinated pesticides and PCBs were found in the water samples of the Yangtse River, but their concentration was very low, <2.97 ng l(-1), which is far less than 1 microg l(-1)--the standard of drinking water of China. It is apparent that the PCOCs were in high concentration during the dry season, and in low concentration during the rainy season. The situation of PCOCs contamination in the water of the Yangtse River in 1999 was greatly improved in comparison with 10 years ago.     

粉煤灰处理煤矿酸性废水的研究

采用石灰石中和沉淀，粉煤灰吸附处理煤矿酸性废水，取得了良好的效果。用石灰石调节pH至4.5，再用石灰中和至中性，并用粉煤灰吸附，粉煤灰用量为10g／L时处理效果较好。     

植物载体固定化无花果曲霉对直接冻黄G的脱色研究

利用植物载体丝瓜瓤对元花果曲霉进行固定,并对直接冻黄G进行脱色研究.同时考察了不同因素如菌龄、温度、pH、转速对直接冻黄G的脱色影响.试验结果表明:三龄菌丝脱色效果最佳,该菌在30℃、pH 6.0、90r/min的振荡条件下,经12 h它对直接冻黄G的脱色达到最佳效果.固定化细胞经8次脱色后,脱色率仍达94%以上.因此用丝瓜瓤固定无花果曲霉对处理染料污染废水具有较好的应用前景.     

典型区域农业土壤中多环芳烃相关性分析研究

对某大型钢铁集团周边农业土壤中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)各组分间及其与总量间的相关性、与有机氯农药(OCPs)的相关性进行统计分析.结果表明,除萘(Nap)外,其他14种组分间及其与总量间的相关性极显著;δ-六六六(δ-HCH)与除Nap和二苯并[a,h]蒽(Daa)外的大部分PAHs组分呈极显著相关关系;p,p'-滴滴滴(p,p'-DDD)与大多数PAHs组分相关性极显著.     

城市生活垃圾半好氧生物反应器填埋技术试验研究

对城市生活垃圾半好氧生物反应器填埋技术与传统垃圾填埋技术进行了对比试验,由试验结果可知,半好氧生物反应器填埋技术可缩短填埋垃圾产酸时间,净化渗滤液,加速填埋垃圾稳定化进程.城市生活垃圾半好氧生物反应器填埋技术是中国中小城市垃圾填埋处理的发展方向.     

Cu and Zn adsorption onto non-residual and residual components in the natural surface coatings samples (NSCSs) in the Songhua River, China

Natural surface coatings samples (NSCSs) from the surface of river shingles were employed to investigate the roles of non-residual and residual components of the NSCSs in controlling Cu and Zn adsorption via the selective extraction techniques and statistical analysis. The results indicate that the greatest contribution to metals adsorption on a molar basis was from Mn oxides in the non-residual fraction. Metals adsorption capacities of Mn oxides exceeded those of Fe oxides by one order of magnitude, fewer roles were found attributing to adsorption by organic materials (OM), and the estimated contribution of the residual fraction to metals adsorption was insignificant. These results implied that Mn oxides were the most important component in controlling heavy metals in aquatic environments. Experiments with Cu and Zn adsorption measured together showed that Cu severely interfered with Zn adsorption to the NSCSs and vice versa under the conditions of the two coexisted ions adsorption.