Long-term winter observation of nitrous acid in the urban area of Beijing

The particulate matter (PM) pollution has been significantly improved by carrying out various valid emission control strategies since 2013 in China. Meanwhile the variation trend of nitrous acid (HONO) is worthy to investigate due to its vital role in the atmospheric oxidation process. In this study, field observation in the winter is conducted to investigate the concentration of HONO in an urban area of Beijing. In the winter of 2019, the mean HONO concentration is 1.38 ppbV during the whole winter. Photo-enhanced NO₂ heterogeneous reactions on the ground and aerosol surfaces were found as the possible daytime sources of HONO. Compared to O₃, photolysis of HONO dominates the primary OH sources during the winter time. To understand the HONO pollution patterns by years variation, multi-year data is summarized and finds that primary pollutants including CO and NO decreased, but secondary pollutants i.e., HONO (mostly generated via secondary process) increased. Our study highlights the requirement to mitigate secondary pollution by control HONO concentration.     

Raman spectroscopy of diesel and gasoline engine-out soot using different laser power

We studied engine-out soot samples collected from a heavy-duty direct-injection diesel engine and port-fuel injection gasoline spark-ignition engine. The two types of soot samples were characterized using Raman spectroscopy with different laser powers. A Matlab program using least-square-method with trust-region-reflective algorithm was developed for curve fitting. A DOE (design of experiments) method was used to avoid local convergence. The method was used for two-band fitting and three-band fitting. The fitting results were used to determine the intensity ratio of D (for “Defect” or “Disorder”) and G (for “Graphite”) Raman bands. It is found that high laser power may cause oxidation of soot sample, which gives higher D/G intensity ratio. Diesel soot has consistently higher amorphous/graphitic carbon ratio, and thus higher oxidation reactivity, compared to gasoline soot, which is reflected by the higher D/G intensity ratio in Raman spectra measured under the same laser power.     

基于MERIS影像的洪泽湖叶绿素a浓度时空变化规律分析

叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度是衡量藻类生物量及评价水体营养状态的重要指标.基于洪泽湖2016年7月、2016年12月共49个实测水质参数与同步光谱数据,验证了5种可应用于MERIS/OLCI数据的Chl-a遥感估算模型(包括波段比值模型、三波段模型、FLH模型、MCI模型以及UMOC模型)在洪泽湖水域的适用性.结果表明,UMOC模型是最适用于洪泽湖水域的Chl-a浓度估算模型,其平均相对误差为32.30%,低于波段比值模型的75.17%,三波段模型的62.44%,FLH模型的45.87%和MCI模型的56.95%.进而利用UMOC模型,结合MERIS数据,获取了洪泽湖2002~2012年Chl-a浓度遥感估算产品,并分析了洪泽湖Chl-a浓度的时空变化规律.洪泽湖Chl-a浓度具有明显的时空差异性.依据水体像元长时间序列月平均Chl-a浓度的差异,将洪泽湖水体分为了区域A、区域B和区域C这3种类型.区域B和区域C水体无明显的变化趋势,区域A则显著增加.与气象因子的相关性分析表明,区域B和区域C年平均Chl-a的波动主要受年降水量的影响,反映了该2个区域Chl-a浓度的变化主要受湖流强度的控制,区域A年平均Chl-a浓度的变化与年平均风速呈显著负相关性,风速下降的气候大背景可能会加重这一区域的富营养化程度,威胁南水北调的水质安全.此外,在汛期(7~9月)洪泽湖水体Chl-a浓度与离淮河入湖口的距离呈显著的正相关关系,证明了这一时期淮河对洪泽湖藻类浓度具有明显的抑制作用.     

中国社会灾害脆弱性评价指标设计

随着人口增长,基础设施增加,社会条件波动,人类与环境之间的关系也越来越复杂。一般来说,灾害的脆弱性就意味着潜在的损失。由于地理位置的差异,灾害发生时间不同,受灾的社会群体不同,损失大小也不尽相同,因此,灾害的脆弱性也随着时空变化而变化。     

Simultaneous determination of malachite green, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in fish farming water and fish feed by liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction

An effective and sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of malachite green (MG), enrofloxacin (ENFLX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFLX) by liquid chromatography-diode array detection with solid-phase extraction (SPE) is developed. The conditions of SPE and LC were investigated and optimised. The effective separation of these compounds was achieved using a ZY1104 C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with 20 mM tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (pH 3.0)-acetonitrile as mobile phase and gradient elution. The diode array detection was used at 278 nm for ENFLX and CPFLX and at 613 nm for MG. Under the optimal conditions, the method LOD values of MG, ENFLX and CPFLX were 0.01, 0.07 and 0.10 μg L(?-1) for fish farming water samples and 1.5, 10.5 and 15 μg kg(?-1) for fish feed samples, respectively. The relative recoveries of the three analytes were achieved to be 76.7-82.3% with the RSDs (n = 5) of 3.2-4.6% for spiked fish farming water samples and 78.8-93.7% with the RSDs (n = 5) of 3.1-4.8% for spiked fish feed samples.     

油田含油污泥综合利用污染控制标准研究

通过国内外油田含油污泥处理和综合利用的调研,确定了黑龙江省油田含油污泥的处理和综合利用途径主要有填埋处理、农用、垫井场和通井路、公路路基土方。DB23/T 1413-2010《油田含油污泥综合利用污染控制标准》最终将油田含油污泥中的石油类等11项指标,作为油田含油污泥用于垫井场和通井路或农用综合利用的污染控制指标。     

铁铬合金在塑性变形时温度对强化的影响

对当前在化工、石油等行业中广泛使用的耐蚀铁铬合金,在塑性成形中的主要工艺参数做了实验研究。在不同成形温度和变形程度下,其制件所得的机械性能相差较大,生产中可根据制件的要求,选择合理的工艺参数。     

欧洲污染物排放与转移登记制度简介

污染物排放与转移登记制度（简称PRTR制度）,是发达国家为了对化学污染物质进行更严格的管理而实行的一种管理制度。该制度起源于1984年,最早实行的是荷兰,其后美国、欧盟、澳大利亚、加拿大、韩国、日本等国家也相继实施了PRTR制度。本文着重介绍了欧盟污染物排放与转移登记制度的发展历史,并就EPER和E—PRTR进行了简单的比较。     

辽宁省海城市西荒地地热资源及其医疗价值初探

本文对辽宁省海城市西荒地地热田的区域地质构造、地热水的赋存状况进行了分析,在对地下热水化学组份分析的基础上,探讨了本区地下热水在医疗及医疗旅游方面的价值,以及在此方面开发利用的前景.     

生物去除H2S废气装置中EPS的提取和分析方法

为了研究生物滴滤塔去除H2S的生物膜降解机理,采用超声波法剥落滴滤塔内填料上的生物膜,在超声25 min时可以获得较好的提取效果;采用苯酚硫酸法测定胞外聚合物多糖时回收率为98.1%,具有较好地稳定性,简单、方便。