Adsorption properties of regenerative materials for removal of low concentration of toluene

A specific type of material, activated carbon fiber (ACF), was modified by SiO₂, and the final products ACF-x were obtained as ACF-12.5, ACF-20, ACF-40, and ACF-80 according to different dosages of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The modified material on the ACF surface had a significant and smooth cover layer with low content of silica from scanning electron microscope (SEM) image. The modified ACF-x showed the stronger hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and adsorption capacity, which had almost no effect in the presence of water vapor and no destruction in multiple cycles. ACF-20 was proven as the most efficient adsorbent in humid conditions. The dual-function system composed of the regenerative adsorbents and the combustion catalyst would be efficient in consecutive toluene adsorption/oxidation cycles, in which the combustion catalyst was prepared by the displacement reaction of H₂PtCl₆ with foam Ni. Therefore, the adsorption/catalytic oxidation could be a promising technique in the indoor air purification, especially in the case of very low volatile organic compound (VOC; toluene) concentration levels.

Implications: Exploring highly effective adsorptive materials with less expensive costs becomes an urgent issue in the indoor air protection. ACF-20 modified by SiO₂ with Pt/Ni catalysts shows stronger hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and adsorption capacity. This dual-function system composed of the regenerative materials and the combustion catalyst would be a promising technique in the indoor air purification, especially in the case of removal of very low concentration of toluene.     

破碎站粉尘逸散规律及降尘技术的数值模拟及其应用

针对露天矿破碎站粉尘污染严重、治理技术中存在的缺陷,提出了超声波雾化喷雾降尘技术。以平朔安家岭煤矿为例,根据破碎站区域粉尘污染情况,应用数学模型对破碎站粉尘逸散规律进行解算,将模拟结果与现场实测数据对比,确定对卸载坑采用150~300μm雾滴粒径和对破碎机各产尘点采用1~10μm雾滴粒径的机体梁上外喷雾方式,通过对采取治理方案后破碎站粉尘浓度逸散的数值模拟和现场实际应用后的测试数据,显示全尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率分别达到94%和82%。结果表明,超声波喷雾降尘技术能有效降低破碎站粉尘浓度,保障了作业人员工作环境和安全。     

针铁矿-腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附

针铁矿与腐殖酸共存于环境中时,会通过一定的相互作用形成有机矿质复合体,这种复合体会对抗生素在环境中的吸附产生一定的影响。研究了针铁矿与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附特性。结果表明:针铁矿与腐殖酸的复合是通过化学作用进行结合的;针铁矿与腐殖酸复合之后,其对泰乐菌素的吸附能力明显增强;针铁矿及其与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附动力学可以用二级动力学模型和扩散模型较好的拟合,吸附具有明显的非线性,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich模型较好地拟合;针铁矿及其与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附受溶液pH值和离子强度的影响,且吸附机制主要以疏水性分配作用、氢键作用、离子交换和表面络合机制为主。     

Agricultural solid waste for sorption of metal ions,part II: competitive assessment in multielemental solution and lake water

Sugarcane bagasse and hydroponic lettuce roots were used as biosorbents for the removal of Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) from multielemental solutions and lake water, in batch processes. These biomasses were studied in natura (lettuce roots, NLR, and sugarcane bagasse, NSB) and chemically modified with HNO₃ (lettuce roots, MLR, and sugarcane bagasse, MSB). The results showed higher adsorption efficiency for MSB and either NLR or MLR. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_max) in multielemental solution for Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) were 35.86, 31.42, 3.33, and 24.07 mg/g for NLR; 25.36, 27.95, 14.06, and 6.43 mg/g for MLR; 0.92, 3.94, 0.03, and 0.18 mg/g for NSB; and 54.11, 6.52, 16.7, and 1.26 mg/g for MSB, respectively. The kinetic studies with chemically modified biomasses indicated that sorption was achieved in the first 5 min and reached equilibrium around 30 min. Sorption of Cu(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) in lake water by chemically modified biomasses was 24.31, 14.50, 8.03, and 8.21 mg/g by MLR, and 13.15, 10.50, 6.10, and 5.14 mg/g by MSB, respectively. These biosorbents are promising and low costs agricultural residues, and as for lettuce roots, these showed great potential even with no chemical modification.     

Agricultural solid waste for sorption of metal ions: part I—characterization and use of lettuce roots and sugarcane bagasse for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) sorption from aqueous medium

Sugarcane bagasse and hydroponic lettuce roots were used as biosorbents for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) removal from monoelemental solutions in aqueous medium, at pH 5.5, using batch procedures. These biomasses were studied in natura (lettuce roots, NLR, and sugarcane bagasse, NSB) and modified with HNO₃ (lettuce roots, MLR, and sugarcane bagasse, MSB). Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich non-linear isotherm models were used to evaluate the data from the metal ion adsorption assessment. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_max) in monoelemental solution, calculated using the Langmuir isothermal model for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II), were respectively 24.61, 2.64, 23.04, and 5.92 mg/g for NLR; 2.29, 16.89, 1.97, and 2.88 mg/g for MLR; 0.81, 0.06, 0.83, and 0.46 mg/g for NSB; and 1.35, 2.89, 20.76, and 1.56 mg/g for MSB. The Freundlich n parameter indicated that the adsorption process was favorable for Cu(II) uptake by NLR; Fe(II) retention by MLR and MSB; and Zn(II) sorption by NSB, MLR, and NSB and favorable for all biomasses in the accumulation of Mn(II). The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was applied to estimate the energy (E) and type of adsorption process involved, which was found to be a physical one between analytes and adsorbents. Organic groups such as O–H, C–O–C, CH, and C=O were found in the characterization of the biomass by FTIR. In the determination of the biomass surface charges by using blue methylene and red amaranth dyes, there was a predominance of negative charges.     

Versatile superhydrophobic bismuth molybdate cotton fabric for oil/water separation and decompose dyestuff

Water pollution caused by the discharged insolubility petroleum contaminants and organic compound dyes seriously threatens the natural self-purity capacity of the water body and the survival of aquatic species, so it is imperative to restraint the deterioration of the aquatic environment. In this paper, pathways are propounded for the simultaneous removal of insoluble spilling oil and organic dye contaminants. Particularly, hydrophobic ZnSnO₃ after stearic acid modification and Bi₂MoO₆ photocatalysts are introduced into the cotton fabric substrate through solution dip-coating. The durability of the prepared fabric suffers from the acid–base corrosion, thermal treatment and mechanical wear, while still exhibiting remarkable water-repellent (WCA?>?150°) property. Furthermore, the remarkable photocatalytic activity makes it possible for reusable degradation and the primary active species, namely the holes, to be verified by the radicals-capturing experiment. It is worth observing that as-prepared superhydrophobic fabric possesses admirable water-proof property and cycling durability of decomposing toxic water-soluble organic dye, thereby contributing to further realizing the ecological concept of clear waters.

     

基于ASM2D模型对奥贝尔氧化沟工艺的模拟研究

基于活性污泥数学模型ASM2D,对西安市某污水厂奥贝尔氧化沟工艺进行模拟研究。根据实际工艺构建模型,输入实测模型组分与模型参数。参照实测出水水质对所建模型进行校准与验证。之后,通过调节污泥回流比与BOD5污泥负荷对氧化沟工艺进行优化,使其取得更好的污染物去除率。     

不同基流分割方法在香溪河流域的应用对比研究

三峡水库蓄水后,库区水质水量备受关注。基流分割是水文学中的一个重点和难点,其结果对水文分析计算、水资源管理等方面的影响较大。为了找到一种可靠的基流分割方法,以三峡库区香溪河流域兴山水文站2007~2009年流量监测数据为依据,利用滤波平滑最小值法进行基流分割,并与数字滤波法和平滑最小值法分割结果进行对比。结果表明：平滑最小值法、数字滤波法和滤波平滑最小值法年均基流分割系数BFI分别为042、039和036;滤波平滑最小值法处理的结果最为平滑,比较符合实际的物理汇流过程,在起涨阶段能较好的追踪数字滤波法,在衰退阶段又能较好的追踪平滑最小值法,能够更好的表现基流完整变化过程;相比数字滤波法,滤波平滑最小值法只需1次向前的滤波。综合而言,滤波平滑最小值法为这3种方法中最优的基流分割方法     

Projecting Spatial Patterns of Flood Hazard: Recent Climate and Future Changes over Yangtze River Basin

Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results ...     

Study of Ni adsorption on NKF-6 zeolite

The adsorption of ⁶³Ni from aqueous solutions using NKF-6 zeolite was investigated by a batch technique under ambient conditions. The adsorption was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, humic substances (FA/HA) and temperature. The kinetic adsorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The adsorption of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength, and the adsorption of ⁶³Ni increased with increasing NKF-6 zeolite content. At low pH values, the presence of FA enhanced the adsorption of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite, but the presence of HA had no drastic effect. At high pH values, the presence of FA or HA decreased the adsorption of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite. The adsorption isotherms were well represented by the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (i.e., ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰and ΔG⁰) for the adsorption of ⁶³Ni were determined from the temperature dependent isotherms at 293.15, 313.15 and 333.15 °K, respectively, and the results indicate that the adsorption reaction was favored at high temperature. The results suggest that the adsorption process of ⁶³Ni on NKF-6 zeolite is spontaneous and endothermic.