Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii in oligotrophic versus eutrophic culture: models and ultrastructure

Populations of marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii were grown in continuous cultures enriched with f/2 medium. One of the two contrasting cultures (‘eutrophic’) received 5.6 times more nutrients than the other (‘oligotrophic’). Two mathematical models are analyzed to estimate eutrophication differences. The second model based on the Michaelis–Menten uptake and Droop growth shows that cells in the eutrophic culture should have about 56% higher content of silica which is the limiting nutrient. Diatom samples were prepared for the transmission electron microscopy after cells have been kept in chemostats for 37 days. The structure of diatom cells was investigated and a comparison is made between cells grown in oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions. In eutrophic culture, dividing cells were encountered more frequently while cell concentration was approximately equal in both chemostats. The central vacuole of cells in eutrophic culture accumulated dispersed and compact material from amorphous to spherical shape. In some cells the large central vacuole had fibrilar and peppered dense materials in addition to translucent granules, vesicules and multivesicular bodies. In the cytoplasm we found increased number of multivesicular bodies, dense and lucent granules some of which enclose membrane particles and lucent vesicules. Dense material depositions observed in the vacuole are also seen in the cytoplasm associated with organelles, mitochondria and plasmalemma. Cells have well-developed, active and slightly increased number of dictyosomes (5–6). Some dictyosomes with dense secretory material in the cistern are apparently engaged in a granule formation process. Functional significance of dense material in the central vacuole, which has not been observed in cells grown in oligotrophic condition, is discussed.     

Oxidative treatment of simulated dyehouse effluent by uv and near-UV light assisted Fenton's reagent

UV/Fenton, near-UV-visible/Fenton, dark Fenton, and H₂O₂/UV reactions have been used to treat simulated dyehouse effluents representing wastewater from the textile dyeing and rinsing process. Experiments were carried out in a lab - scale photochemical reactor using concentrations of 0.5–25 mM H₂O₂, 0.04-0.5 mM Fe²⁺-ion and different dilutions of textile wastewater. To assess the extent of mineralization, decolourization kinetics and the effect of different fight sources on treatment efficiency, DOC, optical density at 254 nm and 600 nm wavelength and residual H₂O₂ concentrations were measured during the course of the advanced oxidation reactions. Comparative evaluation of the obtained results revealed that the decolourization rate increased with applied H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺-ion dose as well as the strength of the synthetic textile wastewater. The best results were obtained by the near - UV/visible/Fenton process with a decolourization rate constant of 1.57 min⁻¹, a UV_254nm reduction of 97% and a DOC removal of 41% at relatively low doses of the H₂O₂ oxidant and Fe²⁺-ion catalyst within 60 min treatment time.     

宁夏输电线路特殊地段运维可视化管控系统

为确保宁夏地区地区“三跨”、鸟害外力破坏等特殊地段输电线路的安全高效运行,构建了由主站层、网络层和终端层组成的三层系统构架,将视频监测终端和图像监测终端的监测数据通过无线APN专网进行传输至后台的输电线路可视化运维管控系统,从而实现故障综合研判、作业现场隐患智能管控及大数据综合分析决策等目的,大大提高运维的便利化、智能化。前期试验第一阶段运行效果说明了本系统是一套能实时有效预防重大事故发生的预警系统。     

Synthesis of Polylactide-b-Poly (Dimethyl Siloxane) Block Copolymers and Their Blends with Pure Polylactide

The synthesis of polylactide (PLA)-b-poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) linear block copolymers and their use in blends with pure-PLA are described. PLA-b-PDMS linear block copolymers were obtained by the transesterification reaction in chloroform solution between poly(dimethyl siloxane) bis (2-aminopropyl ether) (molecular weight 2,000?Da) with PLA in the presence of stannous octoate. Molecular weights (Mw) of the block copolymers were varied from 53,800 to 63,600?Da while that of pristine PLA was 73,600?Da. The copolymers obtained were purified by fractional precipitation and then characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR, GPC, viscometry and DSC techniques. Blends of pure PLA with PLA-b-PDMS block copolymers displayed improved elastic properties (elongation up to 140%) compared to pure PLA (elongation ~9%). Thermal, mechanical and morphological characterization of the blends were also conducted.     

The seasonal distribution of heavy metals in Mussel sample from Yalova in the Marmara Sea, 2008�C2009

Concentration of the some heavy metals (Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn) Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from Yalova (Marmara Sea) were investigated seasonally. The mean concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soft tissues were 4.08 ± 0.67, 5.54 ± 0.59, 156.72 ± 20.18, 3.71 ± 1.14, 2.92 ± 0.51 and 106.23 ± 5.66 mg kg(?-1) dry weights, respectively. There were no significant differences between the metal concentrations among the seasons (P > 0.05). The mean Pb and Zn concentrations were higher than the acceptable limit proposed by International Turkish standards.     

Ecotoxicological risk assessment for sediments of Çavuşlu stream in Giresun,Turkey: association between garbage disposal facility and metallic accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The objective of this paper was to stress the possible potential toxic element (PTE) accumulation in the surface sediments of the Çavu?lu...     

云南腾冲地区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征

为了揭示腾冲地区降水中氢氧稳定同位素特征,利用2009年1月～2011年12月腾冲地区339个降水样品资料,对降水中的氢、氧同位素组成及其影响因素进行了分析和研究。结果表明：腾冲地区大气降水中δ18O值变化范围为-2678‰～405‰,δD值变化范围为-20095‰～3689‰,均处于全球降水δ18O与δD值变化范围内。天气尺度下,腾冲地区降水中δ18O的变化具有显著的降水量效应以及反温度效应。但是,在季风降水期间,如果相邻两天都有降水发生时,腾冲地区降水中δ18O值变化并不一定遵循“降水量效应”。利用ECMWF（European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts）提供的TCWV（Total Column Water Vapour）再分析资料,发现TCWV与δ18O的日变化存在明显的反位相对应关系。腾冲地区的大气降水线为：δD=818δ18O+1172,斜率与截距均比全球和全国的大气降水线偏大,说明该地区气候湿润多雨。d值分布具有季节差异,在雨季（4～9月）,腾冲地区降水的水汽主要来源于低纬度海洋,空气湿度大,降水中d值较小;在干季（10～3月）,由于受大陆性气团控制,腾冲地区降水的水汽主要来源于西风带的输送以及局地再蒸发水汽的补充,空气湿度小,降水中d值较大     

基于遥感数据的PM2.5与城市化的时空关系研究——以成渝城市群为例

采用1998~2013年卫星遥感影像反演的PM2.5全球高精度产品数据集,结合GIS空间分析、地理加权回归（GWR）以及地理探测器等方法,系统地分析了成渝城市群城市化与PM2.5分布之间的关系。结果表明：（1）1998~2013年成渝城市群城市化速度较快,城市区域的PM2.5均值明显高于非城市区域,说明城市化对PM2.5具有一定的影响;（2）近16 a PM2.5重心与城市重心整体上都向东南方向移动,且两者每年在经度上的波动方向基本相反;（3）夜间灯光数据与PM2.5在空间分布上具有较好的一致性,且1998~2013年两者的GWR全局R2在0.86~0.95之间,相关性显著,研究区内城市化和人类活动对PM2.5的分布具有明显影响;（4）地理探测分析表明不同城市化因子对PM2.5影响差异显著,从2006到2013年城区人口密度和建成区绿化覆盖率逐渐成为成渝城市群PM2.5分布的主要影响因子。     

Radiological hazard assessment of natural gross radioactivity in some cosmetic products

Many kinds of cosmetic products were analyzed to determine gross radioactivity. In this study, gross alpha/beta radioactivity concentrations in 51 cosmetic samples were determined. The examined cosmetic products consist of blusher, eye shadow, lipstick, nail polish, shampoo, hand cream, cellulite cream, baby powder, soap, and toothpaste. The gross alpha–beta activity concentrations were measured with a nuclear spectroscopic system which contains gas-flow proportional counters. The highest gross alpha/beta activity concentrations were found in eye shadow samples of 1.621Bq g^?1 for alpha and 6.471Bq g^?1 for beta. The total effective doses due to gross radioactivity for skin were calculated. Although the effective dose of eye shadow samples had the highest value, the effective doses due to gross radioactivity concentrations in this study were found to be lower than the radiological limits given by the authorities.     

Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal recessive osteopetrosis,infantile type,by X-ray evaluation

Prenatal diagnosis for infantile osteopetrosis was attempted during the third pregnancy of a first-cousin marriage whose family history revealed an affected previous child. At the 25th week of pregnancy, fetal X-ray evaluation revealed marked sclerosis of osteopetrotic bone and metaphyseal splaying and clubbing of both femurs. The pregnancy was terminated and repeated X-rays and histopathological examination of fetal bone (femur) confirmed the diagnosis.