典型环境污染物对肠道菌群的影响及机制研究进展

随着环境污染日益严重,国内外有关环境污染物导致健康风险的毒性机制研究已引起广泛关注.然而,环境污染物对机体肠道菌群结构、功能的改变及其对毒性效应的调控作用研究尚处起步阶段.本综述在归纳近年来国内外人体及模式生物的肠道菌群研究进展的基础上,重点阐述了以重金属污染物、微纳米颗粒污染物、持久性有机污染物以及抗生素为代表的典型...     

韩仓河流域水生态韧性修复适宜性评价

文章从城市生态系统的核心水生态系统出发,提出一种水生态韧性修复适宜性评价方法,用以指导城市规划及修复城市生态系统健康.以济南市韩仓河流域为例,使用生态因子组合法构建评价方法框架,并以层次分析法和ArcGIS技术分别进行权重分析和因子叠加.韩仓河流域的水生态韧性修复适宜度评价结果分为非常适宜、较适宜、适宜、较不适宜和不适...     

基于功能需求导向的城市综合体震后修复路径优化方法研究∗

城市综合体内部功能繁多,强震作用下综合体结构功能失效会影响城市区域功能的正常运转。建筑震后修复期望综合体内部重要功能优先、快速恢复并投入使用,合理规划其震后修复路径是满足此类结构功能需求的关键。既有研究中建筑震后多采取自下而上的修复路径,未考虑震后功能需求。基于此,提出了一种基于功能需求导向的城市综合体震后修复路径优化方法。考虑综合体具有的多功能特性及不同功能区内构件间的功能相关性特点,建立了基于故障树的功能损失分析模型,并以此为基础结合建筑功能区划分功能修复单元;以各功能的期望修复时间作为功能需求目标,对比功能修复单元的实际修复时间,提出功能需求目标完成率指标;在此基础上建立震后修复路径优化模型,结合遗传算法,形成了综合体震后修复路径优化方法。对某城市综合体开展震后修复路径优化,结果表明：所提方法可高效完成功能需求目标,使重要功能震后快速恢复并投入使用。     

Optimization of co-digestion of various industrial sludges for biogas production and sludge treatment: Methane production potential experiments and modeling

Optimal biogas production and sludge treatment were studied by co-digestion experiments and modeling using five different wastewater sludges generated from paper, chemical, petrochemical, automobile, and food processing industries situated in Ulsan Industrial Complex, Ulsan, South Korea. The biomethane production potential test was conducted in simplex-centroid mixture design, fitted to regression equation, and some optimal co-digestion scenarios were given by combined desirability function based multi-objective optimization technique for both methane yield and the quantity of sludge digested. The co-digestion model incorporating main and interaction effects among sludges were utilized to predict the maximum possible methane yield. The optimization routine for methane production with different industrial sludges in batches were repeated with the left-over sludge of earlier cycle, till all sludges have been completely treated. Among the possible scenarios, a maximum methane yield of 1161.53 m³ is anticipated in three batches followed by 1130.33 m³ and 1045.65 m³ in five and two batches, respectively. This study shows a scientific approach to find a practical solution to utilize diverse industrial sludges in both treatment and biogas production perspectives.     

Effects of emergent and submerged rigid vegetation configurations on gravity current dynamics

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The propagation and hydrodynamic processes of lock-exchange gravity current through vegetation regions were investigated experimentally. Experimental results show...     

Assessing the inhalation cancer risk of particulate matter bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the elderly in a retirement community of a mega city in North China

Assessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by the lack of environmental exposure data among different subpopulations. To assess the exposure cancer risk of particulate carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution for the elderly, this study conducted a personal exposure measurement campaign for particulate PAHs in a community of Tianjin, a city in northern China. Personal exposure samples were collected from the elderly in non-heating (August–September, 2009) and heating periods (November–December, 2009), and 12 PAHs individuals were analyzed for risk estimation. Questionnaire and time-activity log were also recorded for each person. The probabilistic risk assessment model was integrated with Toxic Equivalent Factors (TEFs). Considering that the estimation of the applied dose for a given air pollutant is dependent on the inhalation rate, the inhalation rate from both EPA exposure factor book was applied to calculate the carcinogenic risk in this study. Monte Carlo simulation was used as a probabilistic risk assessment model, and risk simulation results indicated that the inhalation-ILCR values for both male and female subjects followed a lognormal distribution with a mean of 4.81?×?10^?6 and 4.57?×?10^?6, respectively. Furthermore, the 95 % probability lung cancer risks were greater than the USEPA acceptable level of 10^?6 for both men and women through the inhalation route, revealing that exposure to PAHs posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk for the elderly in this study. As a result, some measures should be taken to reduce PAHs pollution and the exposure level to decrease the cancer risk for the general population, especially for the elderly.     

试论黄淮海地区的自然资源及国家级作物商品基地的建设

根据中国主要农业区——黄淮海地区的自然和社会经济条件,分析了该区小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花等在气候-土壤生态适应性的基础上,采用逐级生产力估算方法,计算出四大作物的商品量,论证了该地区建设为全国性四大作物商品基地的可能性。     

利用红山单台研究邢台震区尾波(Qc)衰减特征

利用红山数字地震台记录到的,自2001年3月到2006年7月近震波形资料,采用从i的尾波单次散射模型计算了该台站周围50 km内的尾波Qc值;该范围代表了邢台震区的地下介质的特征,经多地震拟合后得出尾波与频率的衰减关系.并给出震区的尾波Qc值随时间的变化结果,发现在邢台2002年4月22日的M5.0级地震前后尾波Qc值由低升高然后再降低.