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911.
为研究地基强夯作业中夯击载荷对埋地管道力学性能的影响,基于有限元原理建立了夯锤-管道-围土耦合三维模型,分析了夯击过程中管道截面变形及所受冲击力变化规律,研究了管道壁厚、夯击速度、夯锤体积对管道应力、应变及变形的影响规律。结果表明:夯击载荷下的管道所受冲击力为脉冲型,且随时间推移逐渐降低为0,最大冲击力随管道壁厚、夯击速度、夯锤体积增大而增大;管道最大等效应力、高应力范围及最大等效塑性应变随壁厚增加而减小,但随夯击速度或夯锤体积增大而增大;随着夯击速度、夯锤体积增大,管道截面变形率(椭圆度或凹陷率)逐渐增大,但其随壁厚增加而减小。 相似文献
912.
Jung Y Han B Mostafid ME Chiu P Yazdani R Imhoff PT 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(2):297-304
Gas tracer tests can be used to determine gas flow patterns within landfills, quantify volatile contaminant residence time, and measure water within refuse. While gas chromatography (GC) has been traditionally used to analyze gas tracers in refuse, photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) might allow real-time measurements with reduced personnel costs and greater mobility and ease of use. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PAS for conducting gas tracer tests in landfills. Two tracer gases, difluoromethane (DFM) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), were measured with a commercial PAS instrument. Relative measurement errors were invariant with tracer concentration but influenced by background gas: errors were 1-3% in landfill gas but 4-5% in air. Two partitioning gas tracer tests were conducted in an aerobic landfill, and limits of detection (LODs) were 3-4 times larger for DFM with PAS versus GC due to temporal changes in background signals. While higher LODs can be compensated by injecting larger tracer mass, changes in background signals increased the uncertainty in measured water saturations by up to 25% over comparable GC methods. PAS has distinct advantages over GC with respect to personnel costs and ease of use, although for field applications GC analyses of select samples are recommended to quantify instrument interferences. 相似文献
913.
914.
Simon L. Axelsen Alan Shapiro Evgeni Fedorovich Han van Dop 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2010,10(4):387-414
An analytical model for katabatic flow induced by cold strip of finite width in the cross-slope direction but of infinite
extent in the downslope direction is presented. The fluid is assumed to have a constant (eddy) viscosity, and the Coriolis
force is neglected. A numerical simulation has been used to verify the model, which is shown to revert to the classical Prandtl
model if the strip width goes to infinity. The effects of the strip width and slope angle on the katabatic flow are studied.
The buoyancy and downslope velocity reach maximum values at the centre of the strip, and spread outwards in the cross-slope
direction. The downslope wind maximum weakens for narrow strips and shallow slopes. In contrast to the Prandtl solution, which
shows a counter flow above the wind maximum, our model predicts the counter flow to occur outside the strip. The cross-slope
variation in the surface forcing induces cross-slope and slope-normal velocities, which are manifested in vortices at the
strip edges. Below the wind maximum, the fluid above the cooling surface descends and moves toward the strip edge where it
is detrained from the strip region. Replenishment of fluid into the strip region takes place above the wind maximum. 相似文献
915.
崇明岛典型土地利用方式对土壤有机碳和酶活性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究上海崇明岛不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳以及酶活性的影响,对冬小麦地、蔬菜地、柑桔地和冬绿肥地4种土地利用方式的土壤进行了调查、样品测定和分析。结果表明,土地利用方式对有机碳和4种酶活性的影响极显著。冬小麦地总有机碳和活性有机碳质量分数均最高,分别为19.23g·kg^-1和2.26mg·g^-1,柑桔地土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶等4种酶活性均高于其他3种土地利用方式,表明采用秸秆还田式的冬小麦地,可以增加土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳质量分数;常年处于免耕状态的柑桔地可以使土壤酶活性增强。 相似文献
916.
零价铁还原降解活性染料 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
在分别通氮气,不通氮气和曝气的情况下,在水溶液中用零价铁还原降解活性染料。实验发现:在不同的氛围中,活性染料的降解程度不同,其降解程度为:暴气〉不通氮气〉通氮气。在不同通氮 和曝气的条件下,活性染料的降解过程中有黄色絮状沉淀生成,经红外光谱鉴定为三聚氯氰的取代产物。 相似文献
917.
本文通过对江西省吉水县坡地资源现状、特点的分析,从未利用坡地、利用不充分坡地、利用不合理坡地3方面对吉水县坡地资源进行了潜力分析,并提出了开发利用坡地资源的途径 相似文献
918.
Hu Liu Theodore G. Cleveland Keh Han Wang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(1):167-176
ABSTRACT: One hundred and sixty-two rainfall-induced soil erosion tests were conducted to assist in predicting soil loss and subsequent increase in total suspended solids leaving a highway construction site during a rainfall event. A rainfall simulator and a water flume were constructed for the tests. Soil shear strength, compressive strength, rainfall intensity, and soil bed slope were treated as variables during the experiments. The soil with a higher shear strength resisted soil erosion better than lower strength soils. Soil loss was nearly independent of shear strength at low rainfall intensity but at high intensities, the shear strength was more important in resisting soil loss. Lower soil loss can be expected for cohesive soils if the compressive strength is high. 相似文献
919.
920.