Agricultural non-point sources and their effects on chlorophyll-a in a eutrophic lake over three decades (1985–2020)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province but suffers from the deterioration of water quality and agricultural non-point...     

Combination of biochar amendment and phytoremediation for hydrocarbon removal in petroleum-contaminated soil

Remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum is a challenging task. Four different bioremediation strategies, including natural attenuation, biochar amendment, phytoremediation with ryegrass, and a combination of biochar and ryegrass, were investigated with greenhouse pot experiments over a 90-day period. The results showed that planting ryegrass in soil can significantly improve the removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and the number of microorganisms. Within TPHs, the removal rate of total n-alkanes (45.83 %) was higher than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (30.34 %). The amendment of biochar did not result in significant improvement of TPH removal. In contrast, it showed a clear negative impact on the growth of ryegrass and the removal of TPHs by ryegrass. The removal rate of TPHs was significantly lower after the amendment of biochar. The results indicated that planting ryegrass is an effective remediation strategy, while the amendment of biochar may not be suitable for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.     

Research and application of method of oxygen isotope of inorganic phosphate in Beijing agricultural soils

Phosphorus (P) in agricultural ecosystems is an essential and limited element for plants and microorganisms. However, environmental problems caused by P accumulation as well as by P loss have become more and more serious. Oxygen isotopes of phosphate can trace the sources, migration, and transformation of P in agricultural soils. In order to use the isotopes of phosphate oxygen, appropriate extraction and purification methods for inorganic phosphate from soils are necessary. Here, we combined two different methods to analyze the oxygen isotopic composition of inorganic phosphate (δ¹⁸O_P) from chemical fertilizers and different fractions (Milli-Q water, 0.5 mol L^?1 NaHCO₃ (pH = 8.5), 0.1 mol L^?1 NaOH and 1 mol L^?1 HCl) of agricultural soils from the Beijing area. The δ¹⁸O_P results of the water extracts and NaHCO₃ extracts in most samples were close to the calculated equilibrium value. These phenomena can be explained by rapid P cycling in soils and the influence of chemical fertilizers. The δ¹⁸O_P value of the water extracts and NaHCO₃ extracts in some soil samples below the equilibrium value may be caused by the hydrolysis of organic P fractions mediated by extracellular enzymes. The δ¹⁸O_P values of the NaOH extracts were above the calculated equilibrium value reflecting the balance state between microbial uptake of phosphate and the release of intracellular phosphate back to the soil. The HCl extracts with the lowest δ¹⁸O_P values and highest phosphate concentrations indicated that the HCl fraction was affected by microbial activity. Hence, these δ¹⁸O_p values likely reflected the oxygen isotopic values of the parent materials. The results suggested that phosphate oxygen isotope analyses could be an effective tool in order to trace phosphate sources, transformation processes, and its utilization by microorganisms in agricultural soils.     

温度对热水解预处理高含固污泥特性的影响

以含固率为10%的污泥为对象,研究不同温度和时间条件下热水解过程中有机物转化规律对污泥特性的影响。结果表明:随着热水解时间的延长和温度的升高,污泥中挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的水解率逐渐升高。在热水解时间为20 min时,温度由150℃升高到180℃,VSS水解率由22.9%增至38.4%,污泥中VSS由46.28 g/L降低到40.63 g/L。水解液组分分析表明,溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)主要组成为蛋白质(50%)、碳水化合物(15%~20%)、可挥发性脂肪酸(15%~20%)。水解液中氮主要以有机氮的形式存在。在热水解条件达到165℃、50 min时,氨氮浓度为1.16 g/L,之后,随着温度的升高和时间的延长,氨氮浓度基本不变。     

The regulatory role of endogenous iron on greenhouse gas emissions under intensive nitrogen fertilization in subtropical soils of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anaerobic batch experiments were conducted to study the regulatory role of endogenous iron in greenhouse gas emissions under intensive nitrogen...     

电化学氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液

实验利用电化学氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液,以提高废水的可生化性。研究考察了水力停留时间、进水流量、循环流量、电流强度和原水氯离子浓度对有机物去除的影响。研究结果表明,电化学氧化法的最佳运行条件如下:水力停留时间为 3 h,进水流量为1 m3/h,循环流量为15 m3/h,电流强度为420 A。在上述条件下,原水COD浓度从3 100 mg/L降到1 311.3 mg/L,去除率达到57.7%,BOD/COD值由0.03提升至0.31。氯离子对电解有促进作用,但原水氯离子浓度超过5 000 mg/L,不需要外加工业盐。     

南海湖非冰封期浮游植物群落生态特征及其与环境因子关系

分别于2017、2018年的非冰封期(5—10月)对南海湖的浮游植物群落和环境因子进行了调查。共发现浮游植物7门80属157种(含变种),其中绿藻门种数最多,其次是硅藻门和蓝藻门,时间上7月最多、10月最少,空间上呈东高西低、南高北低的趋势。浮游植物密度为23.35×10⁶～126.00×10⁶个/L,平均值为66.78×10⁶个/L。主要优势种有微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flosaquae)和螺旋弓形藻(Schroederia spiralis)。南海湖水质总体处于中污染状态。冗余分析表明,TN、TP、pH和温度是影响浮游植物分布的主要环境因子,绿藻门与TN关系密切,蓝藻门与TP、温度关系密切,硅藻门与pH关系密切。     

放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的问题研究

结合国内外对放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的研究成果,分析放射性废物处置场选址邻避效应的基本特性,运用比较分析法,全面分析物权分类及相应权利特性。以土地为划分依据,探讨放射性废物处置场邻避效应的法律属性,提出放射性废物处置场邻避冲突属地役权滥用的法律实质的观点。结果表明：在确认放射性废物处置场邻避问题的地役权法律属性之后,可以通过司法程序来解决邻避问题,确保放射性废物处置场及相邻土地物权的合法行使及不被滥用。从法律层面提出应对邻避问题的策略,并结合我国放射性废物处置场现状,初步探讨对我国放射性废物处置场选址的启示。     

超滤技术在环境工程中的应用现状

本文对国内外超滤技术在环境工程中的应用，主要是废水处理中的应用现状进行了综述。涉及的废水包括纺织工业，机械制造工业，石油化工工业，食品加工工业及其它工业污水，也包括部分生活污水，在这些污水治理过程中，不仅可消除或减轻污水对环境的污染，同时也可以回收有价值的物质，使水部分或全部回用。