农药污染环境质量评价

本文根据计算排毒系数的方法确定了主要污染源和污染物,又根据食入、饮进、呼吸等量建立了权重系统,由此而计算了中国不同农业区域的污染指数。结果表明,重污染区集中在长江、黄河流域的粮、棉产区,而且我国农业环境中BHC、DDT污染程度是向南或向北逐渐减弱。     

生命周期评价在工程分析中的运用

工程分析是建设项目环境影响评价的关键所在。就目前工程分析存在的问题进行讨论，介绍生命周期评价的基本过程，提出将生命周期评价引入工程分析，以提高工程分析的科学性，为项目决策提供科学依据。‘’     

环境资源约束下中国工业绿色全要素水资源效率研究

通过构建RAM-SFA-RAM三阶段工业绿色全要素水资源效率测度模型，对其不同层面的效率值进行多维测度与比较分析，并利用空间Tobit模型对工业绿色全要素水资源效率的驱动机制进行实证检验.效率测度结果表明，环境因素与统计噪音是效率值计算中不可忽视的重要影响因素；全国样本的效率值在2000~2017年期间总体变化趋势是以持续上升为主，但距离理想发展状态还存在较大差距，具体阶段上可划分为“稳增期”、“振落期”和“提速期”；区域层面的检验中，东部效率具有较为显著的领先优势，而中部和东北部效率差异性相对较小，其变化曲线存在明显的“交互性”现象，西部则整体效率偏低；主要经济带的检验中，京津冀地区的工业绿色全要素水资源效率整体上要高于泛珠三角和泛长三角地区.驱动机制检验表明，基于全国样本维度的水资源禀赋、企业技术创新、用水结构和环境规制对工业绿色全要素水资源效率具有正向促进作用，而产业结构、城镇化率表现为负向抑制效应；在区域样本检验中，各影响要素在不同区域之间所呈现出的作用效果存在一定差异性，但产业结构调整、城镇化水平等应引起重视，不同区域需要依据其实际特点采取针对性的改进措施.     

煤矿矿井水资源化与循环经济

运用循环经济原理，讨论了不同类型矿井水的处理、回用和存在的问题，对国内煤矿矿井水资源化进行了环境代价可行性分析。矿井水循环利用有利于解决我国矿区水污染与水资源短缺问题，具有广阔的应用前景。     

颗粒活性炭对UASB处理垃圾渗滤液促进作用的研究

通过对比研究,考查了用UASB处理垃圾渗滤液时,投加颗粒活性炭对加速UASB反应器中污泥颗粒化进程、缩短启动时间、提高处理效果的影响。结果显示:启动时间缩短了近1/3,最大有机负荷提高近40%且出现了更大颗粒污泥,但COD去除效率没有明显提高。     

秦皇岛城市污水处理厂剩余污泥基本性质及农用价值分析

剩余污泥的处理与处置是个世界性的难题。目前的处置方法中，土地利用逐渐被各国所广泛采用。通过对秦皇岛第三、第四污水处理厂的剩余污泥的基本性质进行测试，以此为基础对污泥的农用价值及其应用前景进行分析和展望。     

Effects of four chlorobenzenes on serum sex steroids and hepatic microsome enzyme activities in crucian carp, Carassius auratus

Four chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-chloro-methylbenzene) were administrated to the crucian carps (Carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections in the laboratory for 30 days. Serum testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were detected using radioimmunology assay (RIA), and the activities of two hepatic microsome enzymes, glutathione s-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), were measured using the modified methods as described by Habig and Owens. Results showed that the four chlorobenzenes caused significant increases in serum testosterone concentration in the crucian carps (P < 0.05) compared to the controls, but they caused no significant effect on 17 beta-estradiol level. All test chemicals caused a change in hepatic GST activity in crucian carps, with significant increases in enzyme activity (P < 0.05). Chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene and p-chloro-methylbenzene resulted in a marked inhibition to UDPGT activity in crucian carp (P < 0.05) except 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The changes in hepatic microsome enzyme activities may have resulted in the alterations of serum sex steroids levels in the crucian carps. The results indicated that these four chlorobenzenes may result in the changes of endocrine functions and may affect the reproductive success of this and other species.     

Effect of organic acids on adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements

Effect of citric, malic, tartaric and acetic acids on adsorption of La, Ce, Pr and Nd by and desorption from four typical Chinese soils was studied. Generally, adsorption capacities of rare earth elements (REEs) were significantly correlated with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soils. In the presence of acetic acids adsorption of REEs was similar to that in the presence of Ca(NO3)2. However, in the presence of citric, malic and tartaric acids adsorption of REEs by Heilongjiang, Zhejiang and Guangdong soils decreased to varying extents if compared with that in the presence of nitrate and acetic acid. The significance of suppression followed the order of citric acid > malic acid > tartaric acid > acetic acid, which was consistent with the order of stability of complexes of REEs with these organic acids. However, the adsorption increased with increasing equilibrium solution pH. For Jiangxi soil with low soil pH, CEC and organic matter these organic acids exerted an even more serious suppression effect on the adsorption of REEs. Another feature of the relationship between the adsorption of REEs and equilibrium solution pH was that the adsorption of REEs decreased with increase of pH from 2 to 4.5 and then slightly increased with further increase of pH. Desorption of REEs varied with soils and with organic acids as well. REEs were released easily from Heilongjiang, Zhejiang and Guangdong soils in the presence of organic acid. Generally, desorption of REEs decreased with increasing equilibrium solution pH. Effect of organic acids on desorption of REEs from Jiangxi soil was more complicated. In the presence of citric and malic acids no decrement and/or slight increase in desorption of REEs were observed over the equilibrium solution pH from 3 to 6.5. The reasons for this were ascribed to the strong complexing capacity of citric and malic acids and low soil pH, CEC and organic matter of Jiangxi soil.     

Bioaccumulation of mercury in a vestimentiferan worm living in Kagoshima Bay,Japan

The present study reports on the mercury concentrations of the vestimentiferan worm, Lamellibrachia satsuma, (Annelida: Pogonophora) found near hydrothermal vents at a depth of 80-100 m in the northern parts of Kagoshima Bay. The vestimentiferan worms had total mercury concentrations of 238 ng/g in the anterior muscle of the body and 164 ng/g in the posterior trophosome. Methylmercury constituted only 7.6% of total mercury detected anteriorly and 16.3% posteriorly. The mean total mercury concentration in filtrated ambient seawater of the worm habitat was 1.1 ng/l. The worm should accumulate mercury in seawater by a one-step into the anterior and posterior parts as 2.2 x 10(%) and 1.5 x 10(5) times those of the filtered ambient seawater, respectively. The bioaccumulation factor of mercury by the worms with only their respiration would be actually larger than that by other marine animals through food webs. The high bioaccumulation factor of mercury in the worms suggest the following two possibilities: (i) the biological half-life of organomercury in the worm could be exceptionally long; or (ii) the lifetime of vestimentiferan worms examined in the present study could be extremely long. Various metals in one specimen of the worm were analyzed by using ICP-MS, and then gold as well as silver were detected in the worm. Gold was detected for the first time from marine animals.     

Enhanced removal of lead(II) and cadmium(II) from water in alum coagulation by ferrate(VI) pretreatment.

A laboratory study demonstrated that ferrate pretreatment significantly enhanced lead and cadmium removal in alum coagulation, under the conditions of natural surface water. The enhancement of lead removal was approximately 21 to 37% by ferrate pretreatment at a dosage of 1 to 5 mg/L. The enhanced removal of cadmium by ferrate pretreatment at a dosage of 1 to 5 mg/L exceeded the removal by alum coagulation alone 2-to 12-fold. Cadmium is much more difficult to remove than lead in alum coagulation. The performance of ferrate in enhancing the removal of lead and cadmium in alum coagulation was better than that of ferric chloride. The removal of lead and cadmium was highly pH-dependent, following the general trend of higher pH being related to higher removal. Satisfactory removal of cadmium could be expected by ferrate pretreatment combined with adjusting the pH of the water.