基层环境执法中环境行政强制问题的探讨

环境行政强制包括环境行政强制措施和环境行政强制执行.在基层环境执法实践中,环境行政强制措施尤其是环境行政强制执行存在许多困惑和问题,拓展环境行政强制措施,给予环保部门一定的行政强制执行权是提高基层环境执法效率和遏制环境污染的有效途径.     

Seasonal variations of monoterpene emissions from Pinus densiflora in East Asia

The emission rates and compositions of monoterpene from Pinus densiflora were investigated in the Gumsung (GM) and Worak (WM) mountains. The standard emission rates (ERs: ERs is the monoterpene emission rate at standard temperature, 30 degrees C) from P. densiflora ranged from 0.817 to 1.704 (mugC/gdw-h). The ERs and beta-values of total monoterpene were measured at the two study sites (GM and WM). In the spring and summer, the ERs were the highest, while relatively low values (<0.058mugC/gdw-h) were measured in the autumn and winter. In GM and WM sites the beta-value obtained for the different seasons ranged from 0.047 to 0.179, with an average of 0.09. The major monoterpene compounds from P. densiflora were alpha-pinene, myrcene, beta-phellandrene, d-limonene and alpha-terpinene. The fractional compositions of individual monoterpene compounds were significantly different between the two test sites in the summer and winter. The ERs of the older group (31-40 years) were higher than those in the younger group (21-30 years). However, the monoterpene compositions were similar between the two age groups.     

碱熔融法合成NaA和NaX型粉煤灰沸石的品质表征

以粉煤灰为原料采用碱熔融法合成了2种单一沸石矿物种的NaA和NaX型沸石,并对产物的结构、性能和应用指标进行了详细表征.经x射线衍射和IR光谱分析,表明合成产物是无杂晶生成的NaA和NaX型沸石相;在扫描电镜观察下,产物分别具有NaA和NaX型沸石的立方体和八面体晶体骨架结构.DTA分析表明了合成产物中沸石水的存在,且产物热稳定性较好.通过对比,粉煤灰合成的NaA和NaX型沸石的比表面积达到了相应商品沸石的66.9%和83.6%;孔容为41.1%和70.2%;阳离子交换容量(CEC,cation exchange capacity)为82.93%和84.31%.通过比较化学组成表明,大规模应用合成产物不会对环境造成危害.     

有机膨润土对苯胺的吸附性能及应用研究

以溴化十六烷基三甲铵为改性剂制备有机膨润土,利用正交实验研究了有机膨润土吸附垃圾渗滤液中极性有机污染物苯胺的性能、条件及改性条件对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,有机改性膨润土对苯胺有很好的吸附效果,实验条件下对苯胺的去除率可达90％以上,绘制了有机膨润土吸附苯胺的吸附等温线,通过与吸附苯酚效果的比较,总结了有机膨润土吸附极性有机污染物的一般规律。     

环境监测市场化管理工作思考

阐述了我国及其他国家环境监测市场管理的经验,以及我国在推进环境监测市场化管理方面的探索;指出了目前环境监测市场化管理中存在的问题,提出,应加快建立适合国情的监测总体格局;建立完善环境监测社会化监管制度体系;充分发挥行业协会在监管中的作用;强化对社会监测机构监管力度;提高社会环境监测机构能力。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收现状及建议

简述了当前建设项目竣工环境保护验收的现状,指出竣工环境保护验收存在权责不明、事中监管缺失、事后监管落地难、监测数据"失真"等问题,提出应落实建设单位的主体责任,规范建设项目竣工环境保护企业自行验收,加强事中、事后监管,整合建设单位监测数据,使验收监测数据发挥实效。     

Occurrence,sources, and ecological risks of PBDEs,PCBs, OCPs,and PAHs in surface sediments of the Yangtze River Delta city cluster,China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 25 surface sediments in three cities (Nantong, Wuxi, and Suzhou) in the Yangtze River Delta, eastern China were measured. The mean concentrations were 378, 45.8, 1.98, 4,002 ng/g for PBDEs, OCPs, PCBs, and PAHs, respectively. Their levels in the sediments in the three cities were generally consistent with the city industrialization. PBDEs and OCPs were markedly dominated by deca-BDE (>90 %) and DDTs (>70 %). A principle component analysis of the analytes identified three major factors suggesting different sources of the contaminants in the sediments. PBDEs and the organic carbon in the sediments have common sources from industrial activities; whereas OCPs and PCBs, correlated with the second factor, were mainly from historical sources. The third factor with loadings of PAHs is indicative of various combustion sources. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the potential highest risk is from DDTs, for which 22 sites exceed the effects range low (ERL) values and three sites exceed the effects range median (ERM) value.