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291.
292.
Zhaoxing Han Zhenyao Shen Yongwei Gong Qian Hong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):119-129
Emission trading is one of the most effective alternatives to controlling water pollution. Water environmental functional
zone (WEFZ) is used to determine the water quality standard and identify the zone boundary for each river or reach. In this
study, a new emission trading scheme was addressed based on WEFZ, accounting for both the temporal dimension and water quality
control. A temporal factor of emission trading was proposed based on variations in the environmental capacity within a year
by dividing the year into three periods, including high, normal, and low periods of environmental capacity. During each period,
emission trading was implemented exclusively. A water quality-control scheme was suggested based on the water quality requirement
in the water functional zone, in which the water quality at the downstream boundary of the zone was required to meet the water
standard following auto-purification in the stream. Two methods of calculating water quality control are addressed for point-source
pollution and non-point-source pollution. The calculated temporal dimension and water quality control were located in Dongxi
River of the Daning Watershed in the Three Gorges Watershed. The high period was during June, July, and August, the normal
period was during April, May, September, and October, and the low period was during January, February, March, November, and
December. The results from the water quality calculation demonstrated that the discharge of point-source and non-point-source
pollutions led to an excess of common contaminants at the downstream boundary of WEFZ. The temporal and spatial factors above
should be incorporated into the emission trading scheme based on WEFZ. 相似文献
293.
Jiarui Han Qian Ye Zhongwei Yan Meiyan Jiao Jiangjiang Xia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(4):533-542
The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would
incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements
to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the
user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change
with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented
interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble)
project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City,
Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed
involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to
previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent
in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems. 相似文献
294.
杭州西湖底泥释磷及其对富营养化的影响 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
杭州西湖是一个小型浅水湖泊,其底泥由上部藻骸腐泥和下部泥炭层构成。西湖底泥的显著特点是有机碳含量特别高,氮和磷含量也相当高。通过实验室和现场模拟研究,考察了pH、温度、溶解氧、氧化还原电位及上复水种类等环境因素对底泥释磷量和释磷速率的影响。上复水pH值在6.5—7.0范围内底泥释磷量最低;在较高或较低pH值时,底泥释磷量倍增。升高水温或降低上复水溶解氧浓度均能加速磷释放。实验室模拟西湖底泥最大释磷量为0.368μg/g。夏季现场模拟平均释磷速率为1.02mg/m~2·d;估算西湖底泥释磷量达1.346t/y,相当于年平均外部入湖磷负荷的36.4%。底泥释磷对西湖富营养化有着不容忽视的影响。 相似文献
295.
296.
为制定热排放标准的需要,用动态实验和静态实验方法研究了热冲击与氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的急性和亚急性效应。结果表明:选择温度与起始致死温度(TL50)值随着驯化温度的升高而增大,鳙鱼对热冲击的反应较敏感。氨对鲢、鳙、鲤鱼的急性毒性(96h)LC50值分别为0.38、0.30、0.66mgNH3/L(非离解氨)。水温升高5℃,鲤鱼的(96h)LC50。值从0.66mgNH3/L下降到0.44mgNH3/L,热冲击明显提高了氨对鲤鱼的毒性。氨对鲤鱼的亚急性毒性结果表明,鳃、肝组织出现了病理改变。以上室内实验结果可作为评价监测热污染水质的科学依据。 相似文献
297.
298.
299.
活性炭纤维吸附/热解吸/毛细管气相色谱法测定低浓度VOCs的方法 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文以活性炭纤维为吸附材料,建立了活性炭纤维吸附/二次热解吸 缩/毛细管气相色谱法测定空气中VOCS的方法,讨论了吸附剂的安全采样体积,湿度控制及分析方法的精密度,检出限和回收率。本法对苯,甲苯,四氯乙烯,对-二甲苯和苯乙类的最低可测浓度分别为0.13,0.02,0.12,0.05和0.05μg.m^-3,适用于低浓度VOCS样品的测定。 相似文献
300.
Han Jie Wang Chaoqi Deng Shihai Lichtfouse Eric 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(3):1297-1314
Environmental Chemistry Letters - About one tenth of humans are impacted by water shortages around the globe. Water resilience is worsening under climate change because intensifying weather... 相似文献