Surface microlayer enrichment of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds in drinking water source

Enrichment of volatile organic compounds(VOC) and semi-volatility organic compounds(SVOC) in surface microlayer(SM) of three ddnking water sources were studied. The enrichment factor(EFs) were 0.67 to 13.37 and 0.16 to 136, respectively. The results showed some VOC and most SVOC could enrich in SM. Some EFs of SVOC was quite high. Suspension and temperature could affect EFs of SVOC, slim wind and water movement do not destroy enrichment of organic in SM.     

三氯乙烯降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性

三氯乙烯是一种具有"三致"效应的有机氯代烃化合物,作为一种重要的化工原料在工业上广泛应用,同时也造成了大量的三氯乙烯进入自然环境,引起了严重的环境污染.为获得更为丰富的三氯乙烯降解微生物资源,利用水-硅油双相系统从实验室高浓度三氯乙烯胁迫底泥中,分离筛选得到两株三氯乙烯降解菌WF1、FT10.在三氯乙烯初始质量浓度为5 mg·L-1的条件下,培养72 h,菌、WF1、FT10对三氯乙烯的降解率分别为53.36%、48.06%;在500 mg·L-1乙酸钠作为共代谢基质的情况下,降解率分别为55.95%、55.62%,降解速率明显提高.根据形态学观察、16项生理生化实验和16S rRNA序列分析结果,将菌株WT1归为Achromobacter xylosoxidans,将FT10归为Sporosarcina aquimarina.对菌株培养条件进行优化,经Slide Write统计软件拟合,菌株WT1和FT10在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基上的最适生长温度分别为33.7℃和35.4℃,最适生长pH分别为7.6和7.9.     

Combined application of chemical fertilizer with green manure increased the stabilization of organic carbon in the organo-mineral complexes of paddy soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The influence of the combined application of chemical fertilizer with green manure on the stabilization of organic carbon (C) was explored in the...     

Non-destructive study on identifying and monitoring of Cu-Pb pollution in corn based on near-infrared spectroscopy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The problem of heavy metal pollution in the environment is of increasing concern, especially in the agricultural environment. In this study, a method...     

Double-conscious professional self-expression of racial minority scientists-in-training

Double-consciousness pervades the workplace experiences of minority professionals. Prior research captures various manifestations of double-consciousness in the workplace, yet much of what we know comes from understanding the experiences of minority professionals in predominantly White workplaces. Inherent in conceptions of double-consciousness is the sense of twoness in one's self concept that arises from seeing oneself through the eyes of both the predominantly White profession and one's own racial community. In this study, we examine contrasts as well as commonalities in experiences of double-consciousness across different social contexts in the socialization of minority scientists-in-training. We draw from qualitative data collected from 64 individuals (including 39 underrepresented minority doctoral students, and 25 faculty, staff, and administrators) in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) doctoral programs in both predominantly White and historically Black institutions to examine and compare the factors across different contexts that influence how minority scientists-in-training are able to express their emerging professional identity. Our findings reveal how minority scientists-in-training experience twoness as both a struggle and a strength, and we develop an inductive model of how different socializations influence the double-conscious professional self-expressions of minority scientists in training.     

根表铁膜对凤眼莲吸收环丙沙星的影响

为探讨铁离子不同浓度处理下水生植物根表铁膜形成及其对环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)吸收的影响,采用室内模拟试验,分析0.1 mg·L-1 CIP胁迫下不同浓度铁离子(0、10、20、50、100和150 mg·L-1)对凤眼莲根系生理生化及CIP富集量的影响.结果 表明,不同浓度铁离子对凤眼莲根系孔隙度和泌氧量无显著影响,而根系活力随着铁离子浓度增加呈上升趋势;铁离子促进凤眼莲根表铁膜形成,150 mg·L-1铁离子处理下凤眼莲根表铁膜量最大,且根表吸附CIP含量最多,而根系中吸收CIP含量显著降低.铁离子对凤眼莲根系生理生化无显著影响,而有利于凤眼莲根表铁膜量增加,促进根系表面CIP的吸附作用,阻碍根系对CIP的吸收作用,降低CIP对植物造成的伤害.     

基于空间拟合和神经网络的机场噪声预测集成模型

将集成学习方法引入到机场噪声预测中,提出一种基于空间拟合和神经网络的机场噪声预测集成模型.该模型采用空间拟合算法和BP神经网络算法构建基学习器,然后通过所提出的基于观察学习的异构集成算法将基学习器集成起来,获得集成的机场噪声预测结果.该模型通过集成多个异构机场噪声预测基学习器,能够有效提升预测准确率.实验结果表明,本文所提出的基于观察学习的异构集成算法,较之其他异构集成算法,在解决机场噪声预测问题上准确性更高、容错性更强.     

流域污染负荷水质响应的时空数值源解析方法研究

以目前广泛应用的环境流体动力学模型EFDC为平台,构建时空数值源解析方法,理论上可以得到任意时刻任意空间点位污染物的来源构成.其原理是考虑水质模型的微分方程,直接对每个污染负荷再微分,从而将原来1个微分方程变为关于每个污染源的微分方程组,然后联立以EFDC的水动力模型求解,得到每个源对每个时空点的贡献.概化的抚仙湖模型作为数值案例用以验证方法.时空数值源解析的结果与传统扰动方法的结果几乎重合,验证了时空数值源解析方法的正确性.另一方面,数值案例中存在34个独立的污染源,扰动法则需要35次模拟,而时空数值源解析方法的结果通过单次模拟就可得到,说明时空数值源解析方法具有明显的计算效率优势.而通过对结果的进一步分析可以发现,时空数值源解析方法可以提供更精确的源贡献的动态描述.     

邻苯二甲酸酯降解细菌的多样性、降解机理及环境应用

邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)是一类对人体内分泌系统有干扰作用的持续性有机污染物(persistent organic pol utants,POPs)。PAEs在环境介质如水体、底泥和土壤中长期赋存会对生物体产生毒害效应,其分布广、浓度高和难降解等特点是限制有效环境治理的主要因素。作为环境的重要组成部分,微生物对污染物有很强的适应能力和高效的降解能力,这为PAEs的生物修复提供了可能。与物理化学修复法相比,微生物修复技术具有可控性强、修复面广和灵活性高等优势。本文综述了已报道的大部分PAEs降解细菌的种类及其代谢机制,并分析了其在PAEs污染水体和土壤修复中的应用现状与前景,以期为PAEs环境行为与生物修复研究提供参考。     

不同老化时间的TiO_2纳米颗粒对玉米生长的影响

为探讨老化时间对TiO_2纳米颗粒(nanoparticles,NPs)生物有效性的影响,研究了不同老化时间的Ti O_2NPs(0~120 d)对玉米幼苗生长的影响、在玉米体内的吸收及其在植株不同部位的存在位点等。研究发现,不同浓度的TiO_2NPs(1 000 mg·kg~(-1)和2 000 mg·kg~(-1))加入到土壤中,对玉米幼苗干鲜重没有明显的影响,但老化时间小于60 d时,对玉米幼苗株高有一定的抑制效应,老化60 d之后,随着老化时间的继续延长,毒性逐渐降低,最后趋于稳定。老化60 d时,TiO_2NPs处理的玉米幼苗根冠增大,玉米幼苗体内产生H2O_2的累积。在Ti O_2老化土壤中生长的玉米幼苗根系和地上部均有Ti的累积,1 000 mg·kg~(-1)的TiO_2NPs在玉米幼苗根部的生物累积系数达到35.4%,在地上部为13.6%,在玉米植株体内的转运系数为0.38;通过TEM观察,TiO_2NPs可以进入到玉米幼苗体内,并存在于根细胞的细胞质和叶绿体膜上,在叶片细胞的液泡和细胞核中也发现有TiO_2NPs的存在。上述研究结果为客观评价TiO_2NPs的生态风险提供了有用信息。