PPP模式在城市生活垃圾处理中的应用探讨

由于政府在城市生活垃圾的处理上所采用传统的环卫管理体制,导致在垃圾处理中存在严重的资金不足、效率不高等问题.为此,提出一种基于公私合作思想的垃圾处理的新模式.首先,引出公私合作的PPP模式,并从技术、经济和管理方面对PPP模式应用于生活垃圾处理的可行性进行论证;然后,通过分析政府与企业在垃圾处理过程中的地位,构建城市生活垃圾处理的新模型;最后,对政府和公司在应用PPP模式方面提出了行之有效的建议.     

海城7.3级地震余震活动规律的探讨

本文主要对近30年来营口地震台记录的海城7.3级地震的余震观测资料进行分析,按不同的震级进行统计,分别作出M-T图和N-T图,可供今后监测工作参考。     

劳动安全卫生标准体系编制探讨

阐述了劳动安全卫生标准体系研究的目的与意义,分析比较了劳动安全卫生标准分类的几种可能方案,着重讨论并提出整个劳动安全卫生标准体系的层次结构方框图。     

构建新农村防震减灾规划体系的初步探讨

本文从地震灾害的破坏概况入手,结合当前新农村防震减灾规划存在的问题,揭示了新农村防震减灾规划体系要点,以供读者把握我国新农村规划建设的整体印象,在新农村规划中具有一定的理论价值和实际指导意义。     

我国能源消费误差修正模型研究——基于产业结构重型化视角的实证分析

近年来,重工业的重新发展是我国产业结构出现重型化特征,这极大地增加了我国的能源消费。为了分析产业结构重型化条件下我国能源消费发展趋势,文章以产业结构重型化为背景,建立了我国能源消费函数,并通过构建产业结构重型化条件下我国能源消费误差修正模型检验了我国能源消费与产业结构重型化之间的短期波动和长期均衡关系,认为产业结构重型化的形成和发展对我国能源消费具有正向促进作用,具体体现在：本期重工业产值每增加1%,不仅会使同期的能源消费总量增加1.80%、下期能源消费增加1.26%,还会使下下期的能源消费降低1.37%。最后,结合我国产业结构变化和能源消费实际,认为要降低能源消费就必须对经济发展模式和能源发展战略进行调整,使经济与能源协调发展。     

浅谈做好邳州市环境信访工作的对策和措施

概括了邳州近三年环境信访的基本情况,并对其特点和原因进行了分析,探讨了做好邳州环境信访工作的措施和几点建议.     

Herbicide Roundup® and its main constituents cause oxidative stress and inhibit acetylcholinesterase in liver of Carassius auratus

Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide containing a mixture of surfactants. This paper evaluates the toxic effects of Roundup® and its main constituents on the goldfish, Carassius auratus, after 7 days exposure. Fish were exposed to 0.16, 0.032 and 0.0064 mg/L of Roundup® [containing 41% isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and 18% polyoxyethylene amine (POEA)], G.I.S, and POEA. Their livers were taken for determining reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehye (MDA) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Hydroxyl radical (·OH) could be induced by exposing Roundup® at a rate of 43%–111%, G.I.S at 90%–124% and POEA at142%–157%. A decreased SOD activity was observed in fish exposed to G.I.S and POEA. The contents of MDA significantly increased when exposed to Roundup® at all concentrations, 0.16 mg/L G.I.S and 0.032 mg/L POEA. The exposure led to an inhibition of AChE in livers overall during the experimental periods. POEA was more toxic than Roundup® or G.I.S during this experiment. AChE and ·OH are supposed to be sensitive biomarkers of the exposure of Roundup® and its main constituents to C. auratus.     

Water-quality effects of incorporating poultry litter into perennial grassland soils

Poultry litter provides a rich source of nutrients for perennial forages, but the usual practice of surface-applying litter to pastures can degrade water quality by allowing nutrients to be transported from fields in surface runoff, while much of the NH4-N volatilizes. Incorporating litter into the soil can minimize such problems in tilled systems, but has not been used for perennial forage systems. In this study, we minimized disturbance of the crop, thatch, and soil structure by using a knifing technique to move litter into the root zone. Our objective was to determine effects of poultry litter incorporation on quantity and quality of runoff water. Field plots were constructed on a silt loam soil with well-established bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and mixed grass forage. Each plot had 8 to 10% slopes, borders to isolate runoff, and a downslope trough with sampling pit. Poultry litter was applied (5.6 Mg ha(-1)) by one of three methods: surface-applied, incorporated, or surface-applied on soil-aeration cuts. There were six treatment replications and three controls (no litter). Nutrient concentrations and mass losses in runoff from incorporated litter were significantly lower (generally 80-95% less) than in runoff from surface-applied litter. By the second year of treatment, litter-incorporated soils had greater rain infiltration rates, water-holding capacities, and sediment retention than soils receiving surface-applied litter. Litter incorporation also showed a strong tendency to increase forage yield.     

SYL-01破乳剂的合成及性能测试

在国内外研究的基础上通过实验以MAA、AA、BuAc、MMAc为原料，采用乳液聚合的方法合成了一种新型的不含烷氧基的水溶性W／O原油破乳剂SYL-01。反应条件与反应物的用量研究表明：反应物最佳配比为AA：MAA：BuAc：MMAC＝0．75：0．25：10：4。对原油乳液的破乳实验说明：SYL－01与目前使用的9901破乳剂性能相当，脱水率较高。SYL－01原料价廉易得，不使用易燃易爆的气体原料，工艺简单，有较好的开发应用前景。     

高压容器旋转自紧方法研究

把超速旋转工艺引入高压容器自紧过程，提出旋转自紧方法，并对平面应变问题导出了厚壁圆管在旋转时的弹塑性及塑性极限的应力解和停转后的残余应力解，所得结果表明，由于残余应力的存在而导致了圆管弹性强度极限的提高，达到了自紧的效果。