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141.
西藏冰湖溃决主要特征 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
西藏是我国冰湖分布最多的地区。冰湖常发生溃决,其中最典型是终碛冰湖的溃决。冰湖溃决所导致的泥石流,具有突发性强、频率低、洪峰高、流量大、流量过程暴涨暴落和破坏力强及灾害波及范围广等特点。从20世纪30年代中期至今,已查明西藏15个冰川终碛湖至少发生过18次溃决。通过对这些溃决事件的分析,探讨了终碛湖溃决的时空分布特征,发现该事件的发生与气候变化,特别是与气候异常年份有显著的对应关系。结合近年冰湖分布和变化资料,讨论了未来的发展趋势。具体分析了溃决洪水过程和冰湖溃决洪水泥石流演变过程。 相似文献
142.
石漠化是指在热带、亚热带湿润半湿润气候条件和岩溶极其发育的自然背景下,受人为活动干扰,使地表植被遭受破坏,造成土壤严重侵蚀,基岩大面积裸露,砾石堆积的土地退化现象,是石山地区土地退化的极端形式。 相似文献
143.
以某公路节理岩质边坡为工程背景,首先利用FLAC3D建立该边坡的数值分析模型,计算得到5台阶开挖的安全系数分别为2.62、2.39、1.61、1.06、0.67,并确定其破坏模式为双滑块平面剪切破坏;然后针对边坡的破坏模式建立理论计算模型,分别改变节理的倾角和力学参数(c,),分析它们对稳定性的影响。结果表明:变化下滑块节理面的倾角时,安全系数先变小,而后逐渐增大;变化上滑块节理面的倾角时,安全系数逐渐增大;当c1、c2取值较小时,两者的变化对于安全系数的影响基本相同,但随着取值的增大,c2的影响效果逐渐大于c1。 相似文献
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Seasonal variations of monocarbonyl and dicarbonyl in urban and sub-urban sites of Xi’an,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. F. Ho Steven Sai Hang Ho W. T. Dai J. J. Cao Ru-Jin Huang Linwei Tian W. J. Deng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(5):2835-2849
Seventeen airborne carbonyls including monocarbonyls and dicarbonyls were determined in urban and sub-urban sites of Xi’an, China in three seasons in 2010. In winter, acetone was the most abundant carbonyl in the urban site due to usage of organic solvents in constructions and laboratories and its slower atmospheric removal mechanisms by photolysis and reaction with hydroxyl radical than those of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. In the sub-urban site, acetaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl, followed by formaldehyde and acetone. During summer, however, formaldehyde was the most dominant carbonyl in both sites. The photooxidations of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) yielded much more formaldehyde than other carbonyls under high solar radiation and temperature. In the urban site, the average concentrations of dicarbonyls (i.e., glyoxal and methyglyoxal) in spring and summer were higher than that in winter. Transformation of aromatic VOCs emitted from fuel evaporation leads to the formation of 1,2-dicarbonyls. A reverse trend was observed in sub-urban sites, as explained by the relatively low abundances and accumulations of VOC precursors in the rural atmosphere during warm seasons. Moreover, cumulative cancer risk based on measured outdoor carbonyls (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in Xi’an Jiaotong University and Heihe was estimated (8.82?×?10?5 and 4.96?×?10?5, respectively). This study provides a clear map on the abundances of carbonyls and their source interpretation in the largest and the most economic city in Northwestern China. 相似文献
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采用固相萃取法处理水样,气相色谱-高分辨双聚焦磁质谱法测定水中超痕量多氯萘,同位素内标法定量,并对样品前处理条件和仪器条件进行优化。试验表明:方法在0.500 ng/L~500 ng/L范围内线性良好;当取样体积为1 L时,方法检出限为0.005 ng/L~0.01 ng/L;对实际水样进行2个质量浓度水平的加标回收试验,平行测定6次的 RSD为2.7%~8.7%,回收率为70.2%~110%。方法适用性试验表明,水样中复杂的基质对测定无影响。 相似文献
150.
Fangli Su Tieliang Wang Haozhen Zhang Zhi Song Xue Feng Kan Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(6):365
The aims of the present investigation were to reveal the distribution and enrichment characteristics of copper in soil and Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. The concentrations of copper in root, stem, leaf, and ear of Phragmites australis as well as in soil were determined to study the absorption capacity of copper by wild Phragmites australis of Liao River estuary wetland. The study was carried out at test pool of the Shenyang Agricultural University, and the experimental materials (soil, irrigating water and Phragmites australis) were derived from Liao River estuary wetland. The concentrations of copper in soil and Phragmites australis were 16.4441 to 49.0209 mg/kg and 0.8621 to 89.5524 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the enrichment coefficients of copper in different tissues of Phragmites australis changed with the growth of Phragmites australis. The results revealed that the enrichment coefficients of copper in the whole Phragmites australis were greater than 1 at each growing stage of the Phragmites australis. The results also showed that the transfer coefficients of Phragmites australis to copper changed with the growth of Phragmites australis. The results revealed that the Phragmites australis had a good removal effect on copper from soil and had some characteristics of copper hyperaccumulator. 相似文献