Effect of current emission abatement strategies on air quality improvement in China: A case study of Baotou, a typical industrial city in Inner Mongolia

The nationalAirPollutionPreventionandControlActionPlanrequiredsignificant decreases inPM2.5 levels overChina.Toexploremoreeffectiveemissionabatement strategies inindustrialcities,acasestudywasconductedinBaotoutoevaluatethecurrent national controlmeasures.ThetotalemissionsofSO2, NOX, PM2.5 and NMVOC (non-methanevolatileorganiccompounds)inBaotouwere211.2Gg,156.1Gg,28.8Gg, and 48.5Gg,respectivelyin2013,andtheywouldexperienceareductionof30.4%,26.6%, 15.1%, and8.7%,respectivelyin2017and39.0%,32.0%,24.4%,and12.9%,respectivelyin 2020. TheSO2, NOX and PM2.5 emissionsfromtheindustrialsectorwouldexperiencea greater decrease,withreductionsof37%,32.7and24.3%,respectively.From2013to2020, the concentrationsofSO2, NO2, andPM2.5 are expectedtodeclinebyapproximately30%, 10% and14.5%,respectively.ThereductionrateofSNA(sulfate,nitrateandammonium) concentrationswassignificantlyhigherthanthatofPM2.5 in 2017,implyingthatthecurrent key strategytowardcontrollingairpollutantsfromtheindustrialsectorismorepowerful for SNA.Althoughairpollutioncontrolmeasuresimplementedintheindustrialsector could greatlyreducetotalemissions,constrainingtheemissionsfromlowersourcessuch as residentialcoalcombustionwouldbemoreeffectiveindecreasingtheconcentrationof PM2.5 from 2017to2020.Theseresultssuggestthatevenforatypicalindustrialcity,the reduction ofPM2.5 concentrationsnotonlyrequiresdecreasesinemissionsfromthe industrial sector,butalsofromthelowemissionsources.Theseasonalvariationinsulfate concentrationalsoshowedthatemissionfromcoal-burningisthekeyfactortocontrol during theheatingseason.     

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by Prorocentrum donghaiense

The growth, cellular total lipids, bioaccumulation amount, and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of 2,4,4 ′ -tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE28), 2,2 ′ ,4,4 ′ -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE47), and 2,2 ′ ,4,4 ′ ,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE99) in a semi-continuous culture of Prorocentrum donghaiense were studied in relation to nitrate (0, 128, and 512 μmol/L) and phosphate (0, 8, and 32 μmol/L) concentrations. The BDE28, BDE47, and BDE99 content per cell under 0 μmol N/L were 3.77 × 10 6 , 3.95 × 10 6 , and 4.32 × 10 6 ng/cell, respectively, which were significantly higher than those under 128 and 512 μmol N/L. A nearly 5-fold increase in polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) content per algal cell was found between 0 and 8 μmol P/L and between 8 and 32 μmol P/L. With increasing N and P concentrations, the PBDE content per volume of algal culture and the accumulation percentage of available PBDEs declined slightly. The BAFs for the PBDEs based on lipids showed that the logBAF lip under 0 μmol N/L was higher than those under 128 and 512 μmol N/L. The logBAF lip under 0 μmol P/L was higher than that under 8 μmol P/L but lower than that under 32 μmol P/L. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between nutrient concentration and cellular total lipids, as well as the PBDE content per cell. The results indicate that different N and P concentrations change the total lipids content of P. donghaiense, thereby resulting in varying PBDE accumulation.     

长江上游甘肃段木本植物资源及其开发利用研究

介绍长江上游地区甘肃省１１个利用类型的木本植物１０７科３１９属１３６４种，阐述了分布特点及其开发利用的途径，提出了合理适度开发的意见。     

Formation mechanism of typical aromatic sulfuric anhydrides and their potential role in atmospheric nucleation process

Sulfuric anhydrides,generated from the cycloaddition reaction of SO₃with carboxylic acids,have been revealed to be potential participants in the nucleation process of new particle formation (NPF).Hence the reaction mechanisms of typical aromatic acids (benzoic acid (BA),phenylacetic acid (PAA),phthalic acid (PA),isophthalic acid (mPA),and terephthalic acid(PTA)) with SO₃to generate the corresponding aromatic sulfuric anhydrides were investigated by density functional theory...     

Effects of mangrove plant species on accumulation of heavy metals in sediment in a heavily polluted mangrove swamp in Pearl River Estuary,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The present study compared accumulation of heavy metals in a mangrove swamp dominated by Kandelia obovata with that by Sonneratia apetala in Pearl River...     

戊吡虫胍对几种非靶标生物的急性毒性

戊吡虫胍是一种从烟碱类和缩胺脲类杀虫剂活性结构拼接而成的系列化合物中筛选出来的新型杀虫剂,目前戊吡虫胍对非靶标生物的毒性研究报道较少。为探究戊吡虫胍的环境安全性,采用生物毒性试验方法测定了其对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)、家蚕(Bombyx mori)、斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、赤子爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia fetide)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、赤眼蜂(Trichogramma nubilale)、意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)、日本鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix japonica)共9种非靶标生物的急性毒性。结果显示戊吡虫胍对斜生栅藻和大型溞的半数有效浓度(EC50)分别为8.79 mg·L~(-1)和10.97 mg·L~(-1),对家蚕、斑马鱼、赤子爱胜蚯蚓和非洲爪蟾的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为2.32 mg·L~(-1)、13.74 mg·L~(-1)、100 mg·kg~(-1)和19.30mg·L~(-1),对赤眼蜂的安全系数为0.16~0.031,对蜜蜂急性触杀和急性摄入毒性分别为51.82μg·bee~(-1)和10.8×10~3mg·L~(-1),对鹌鹑的急性经口和急性饲喂毒性LC50分别为1 000 mg·kg~(-1)和2×103mg·kg~(-1)。按照最新国标(GB/T31270—2014)化学农药环境安全评价准则的毒性等级划分,戊吡虫胍除了对家蚕和赤眼蜂为高毒和极高风险外,对其余非靶生物均为低毒。     

Abiotic association of phthalic acid esters with humic acid of a sludge landfill

The abiotic association between phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and humic substances (HS) in sludge landfill plays an important role in the fate and stability of PAEs. An equilibrium dialysis combined with ¹⁴C-labeling was used to study the abiotic association of two abundant PAEs (diethyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate) with humic acid (HA) isolated from a sludge landfill with different stabilization times and different molecular weights. Elemental analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) suggested that high K _A value of HA was related to the high aromatic content and large molecular weight of HA. The results indicated that the association strength of PAEs with HA depended on both the properties of the PAEs and the characteristics of HA. The K _A values of the association were strongly dependent on solution pH, and decreased dramatically as the pH was increased from 3.0 to 9.0. The results suggested that nonspecific hydrophobic interaction between PAEs and HA was the main contributor to the association of the PAEs with HA. The interactive hydrogen-bonds between the HA and the PAEs molecules may also be involved in the association.     

垃圾填埋场填埋作业和渗滤液处理设计

介绍东海县生活垃圾填埋场概况、填埋作业及渗滤液处理设计。设计中,根据填埋场有限的库容及国内一些垃圾填埋场填埋作业的不足,因地制宜,优化了填埋覆盖方式,提高填埋场利用率。渗滤液处理采用MBR+NF+RO组合工艺,技术先进、出水水质稳定。     

铝电解预焙阳极沥青烟净化技术研究进展

随着铝厂等企业生产规模的扩展,相应炭素企业也得到迅速发展,其排放的沥青烟污染日趋严重,大力研究开发能广泛应用的沥青烟污染控制技术已迫在眉睫.介绍了国内外铝电解用炭素阳极焙烧炉沥青烟的净化处理研究现状,详细评述了现有沥青烟气的治理技术及存在的问题,提出为解决沥青烟治理中亟需解决的关键问题,可从量子理论出发研究其粘附机理,分析沥青烟粘结性能与沥青烟相分布、成分组成之间的关系,研制改善沥青烟粘性的特效添加剂,可达到高效净化沥青烟的目的,并可推动电解铝及相关行业的可持续发展.     

Characterization of chlorine and heavy metals for the potential recycling of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerators as cement additives

Bottom ash is an inevitable by-product from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plants. Recycling it as additives for cement production is a promising disposal method. However, the heavy metals and chlorine are the main limiting factors because of the potential environmental risks and corrosion of cement kilns. Therefore, investigating heavy metal and chlorine characteristics of bottom ash is the significant prerequisite of its reuse in cement industries. In this study, a correlative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of the MSW components and collection mode on the heavy metal and chlorine characteristics in bottom ash. The chemical speciation of insoluble chlorine was also investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that industrial waste was the main source of heavy metals, especially Cr and Pb, in bottom ash. The higher contents of plastics and kitchen waste lead to the higher chlorine level (0.6 wt.%–0.7 wt.%) of the bottom ash. The insoluble chlorine in the MSW incineration bottom ash existed primarily as AlOCl, which was produced under the high temperature (1250°C) in incinerators.

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