燃煤电厂清洁生产审核应用探讨

作为国家明确要求开展清洁生产审核行业之一,某燃煤电厂依据清洁生产审核思路,从原辅料和能源、技术工艺、过程控制、设备、管理、员工、产品、废物生产过程的八个方面,按照审核准备、预审核、审核、方案产生和筛选、方案确定、方案实施、持续清洁生产七个实施阶段在企业内部开展清洁生产审核工作,实现了本轮清洁生产目标,并取得了显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

燃煤型砷中毒的最低有效累积暴露剂量初探

以陕南燃煤型砷中毒病区的5个自然村为调查采样点,通过现场流行病学调查和环境样品的分析测定,分析砷暴露人群的砷暴露途径,估算各暴露途径(呼吸、饮水和食物)的暴露剂量及对总暴露的贡献率,探讨引发燃煤型地方性砷中毒发病的最低有效暴露剂量。研究结果表明,除对照村外,采暖季各村的烤火间和卧室空气砷含量均有不同程度的超标,水和粮食未受燃煤砷污染。在采暖季,高砷煤燃烧污染的空气是人群砷暴露的主要来源;在非采暖季消化道砷暴露是各村的主要摄砷途径;提示消化道暴露对累积砷暴露的贡献不容忽视。结合问卷调查和流行病学调查结果,估算陕南病区引发燃煤型砷中毒的最低累积暴露剂量在1 712 mg左右。     

Effects of prenatal caffeine exposure on glucose homeostasis of adult offspring rats

Epidemiological evidences show that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) could induce intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The IUGR offspring also present glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus after maturity. We have previously demonstrated that PCE induced IUGR and increased susceptibility to adult metabolic syndrome in rats. This study aimed to further investigate the effects of PCE on glucose homeostasis in adult offspring rats. Pregnant rats were administered caffeine (120 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) from gestational days 11 to 20. PCE offspring presented partial catch-up growth pattern after birth, characterizing by the increased body weight gain rates. Meanwhile, PCE had no significant influences on the basal blood glucose and insulin phenotypes of adult offspring but increased the glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin section and β cell sensitivity to glucose in female progeny. The insulin sensitivity of both male and female PCE offspring were enhanced accompanied with reduced β cell fraction and mass. Western blotting results revealed that significant augmentation in protein expression of hepatic insulin signaling elements of PCE females, including insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and the phosphorylation of serine–threonine protein kinase (Akt), was also potentiated. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PCE reduced the pancreatic β mass but increased the glucose tolerance in adult offspring rats, especially for females. The adaptive compensatory enhancement of β cell responsiveness to glucose and elevated insulin sensitivity mainly mediated by upregulated hepatic insulin signaling might coordinately contribute to the increased glucose tolerance.     

不同盐度下活性污泥中微生物群落变化规律及其处理模拟染料废水

通过逐渐提高SBR反应器中活性污泥的盐度,探索不同盐度下活性污泥的活性、性质及其微生物群落变化,并研究结晶紫废水以及纳米四氧化三铁对微生物群落的影响.结果表明,随着盐度的增加,活性污泥的COD、氨氮去除率以及污泥体积指数SVI值均降低,在质量分数2%的盐度下,COD、NH_4~+-N的去除率为80%和75%,SVI值不足35 mL·g~(-1);随着盐度的增加微生物的多样性逐渐减少,系统中革兰氏阴性菌优势菌种的位置逐渐被真菌和放线菌取代,而革兰氏阳性菌依然为优势菌;加入结晶紫染料的活性污泥与盐度为2%的活性污泥样品相比发现:红细菌属、丽水菌属含量有所增加,产黄杆菌、农杆菌属含量减小.加入MNPs的结晶紫-活性污泥与不加MNPs的结晶紫活性污泥对比:酸胞菌属、产黄杆菌含量增加,红细菌属、农杆菌属含量减小.     

石化销售企业工程建设施工安全监管应用研究

分析了石化销售企业施工现场安全管理的现状以及产生的原因,针对上述问题提出了加强工程施工安全监管的建议和相关管理措施。     

一元有机酸的络合萃取研究

本文考察了不同稀释剂中磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）和甲基异丁基酮（ＭＩＢＫ）的甲酸，乙酸，丙酸，丁酸及氯乙酸，二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸等一元有机酸的萃取，萃取反应属中性络合萃取机理，有机相中生成１：１的萃合物，同时，探讨了各因素（有机酸种类、稀释剂性质、温度和无机盐）对萃取的影响，得到了萃取反应的平衡常数，热力学函数和萃取性能与有机酸性质间的关系方程等。     

邯钢炼铁系统粉尘污染防治技术分析

重点介绍了邯钢新建2000m^3高炉（7^#高炉）出铁场和槽下上料系统粉尘污染治理方面的成功经验，并对应用电除尘器处理粉尘的技术进行了简要分析。     

Forecasting energy demand of China using Bayesian Combination model

To analyze the impact of the related economic factors on China's energy demand, Path analysis is used to analyze the major factors and their direct and indirect effects on energy demand. This study showed that the main factors that affect the energy demand are the economic growth, the total population, and the primary energy structure, the economic growth is the main determining factor, and the primary energy structure is the major restrictive factor. On this basis and considering the multicollinearity and the validity of the forecast, we established a partial least-square (PLS) and the trend extrapolation prediction model, and then we sum up all the information to found a PLS—trend extrapolation combination forecasting model based on the optimized combining forecast theory. Finally, we obtain the probability distribution of the error using the Bayesian statistic theory and find the confidence interval of combining forecasting result. The results indicate that the outcome of combining forecasting will be more precise after using the Bayesian error correction approach.