取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型■(Daphnia magna Straus)的定量结构-活性关系研究

研究了３６个取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型的急性毒性，应用正辛醇／水分配系数、线性溶解能关系参数和分子连接性指数得出了该类化合物的定量构效关系方程，这些方程可以用来进行该类化合物危害性初评．ＬＳＥＲ法得到的ＱＳＡＲ方程拟合效果较好，增大分子体积及偶极性极化性，均可增大毒性．化合物与蛋白质等生物大分子的氢键键合作用是导致该类化合物毒性高于其基本毒性的原因．     

光电化学法处理水体中腐殖酸的初步研究

结合９０年代欧美学者提出了高级化学氧化过程（Ａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ，ＡＯＰ）原理，提出了并建立了一套光电化学联用的新用于处理难以生物降解的腐殖酸废水，实验表明，在通电１ｈ加光条件下（Ｉ＝０．２Ａ）总有碳（ＴＯＣ）去除率达到９０％，色度去除率达到９５％。     

香料生产废水的生化处理研究

某合成洋茉莉醛香料厂的生产废水中含有香料、香料副产品、降解物以及原辅材料,具有CODcr浓度高、水质波动大以及水中污染物成分复杂等特点,属于典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,而该厂现有的废水处理工艺不仅流程长、费用高且出水难以达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准。本文采用活性污泥法及MBR工艺研究了洋茉莉醛香料废水的处理效果及其影响因素,并结合GC—MS对降解产物进行了分析。试验结果表明：采用本文方法对洋茉莉醛香料废水有较好的降解作用,可经较少的步骤处理实现达标排放。     

北运河中游沉积物对磷的吸附特性研究

研究了位于北京郊区的北运河中游9个断面的沉积物对磷的吸附行为,分析了沉积物组成及其理化性质与磷吸附特征的关系.实验结果表明,不同断面沉积物对磷的最大吸附量在0.11 ～9.45 mg/g之间,而各断面沉积物的临界平衡磷浓度(EPC0)范围在0.33～ 1.85 mg/L之间,统计分析显示EPC0与河水中的总磷和可溶性无机磷呈显著负相关,但与沉积物中的金属和有机质含量相关性较差;根据临界平衡磷浓度定义的推断,新华大街桥、玉带桥、运河大街桥、六环路桥、宋梁路桥、湿地和甘棠橡胶坝7个断面的沉积物表现为磷的“汇”,而丰子沟和减运沟2个点表现为磷的“源”,并且各点沉积物释放和吸附磷的趋势较大.     

软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝资源化利用新工艺

燃煤烟气中的SO2和NOx是大气中重要的污染物,开发高效、经济的同步脱硫脱硝技术是环保领域的研究热点。针对现有同步脱硫脱硝技术存在的氧化剂成本较高和产物不能资源化利用等突出问题,提出了软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝,并副产硫酸锰和硝酸锰的资源化新工艺。研究结果表明:软锰矿浆可以有效的脱除烟气中的SO2和NOx,反应产物分别为硫酸锰和硝酸锰。在烟道中注入臭氧,将难溶于水的NO快速氧化为NO2,可大大提高脱硝效率,在O3/NO=1.2的条件下可以达到72%的脱硝率、90%的脱硫率和85%的锰浸出率;吸收液经过空气氧化除铁和加入铜试剂除重金属后,结晶分离溶液得到的硫酸锰和硝酸锰可分别达到HG/T 2962—1999标准的硫酸锰产品和HG/T 3817—2006标准的工业硝酸锰产品要求。该工艺实现了SO2和NOx污染治理与低品位软锰矿资源化利用的双重目的,为SO2和NOx的资源化污染治理技术的开发和应用提供了新的思路。     

江西省工业园区环境报告书编制导则研究

研究对于江西省工业园区环境信息的公开,提高环境信息公开内容的准确性,实现不同园区间环境业绩的比较,促进工业园区自主环保、积极引导和公众广泛参与环境管理机制的形成具有重要意义.文章介绍了工业园区在全国和江西省经济社会发展中的重要作用,分析江西省工业园区污染物排放现状与趋势以及国内外导则编制研究情况,重点对导则主要技术内容和分类进行说明,分析了导则实施的可行性,提出了实施建议.     

石化管道储运员工心理评估结果分析

目的:了解石油管道储运员工的心理健康现状,建立管道储运员工症状自评量表(SCL-90)的群体常模。方法:运用整群抽样方法和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对5544名中国石化管道储运公司员工进行心理健康状况调查,将SCL-90结果与中国常模比较。结果:本次调查心理健康状况好3947人,占71.2%;心理健康状况良好1299人,占23.4%;心理健康状况一般238人,占4.3%;心理健康状况异常60人,占1.1%;石化管道储运员工在躯体化、焦虑、精神病性、阳性项目数均分显著高于全国常模;人际关系、敌对、偏执和精神病性因子均分男性显著高于女性,恐怖因子均分女性显著高于男性;35岁及以上组的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性以及阳性项目数的因子均分均高于35岁以下组;大专组和高中及以下组各项因子均分均显著高于本科及以上组。结论:管道储运员工心理健康状况低于一般人群。年龄相对较大以及学历相对较低员工的心理健康状况是企业关注的重点。     

基于神经网络评估的密封点泄漏检测

介绍了运用神经网络评估方法对石化生产装置泄漏风险进行量化评估的主要程序：输入变量的选择、风险指标的确定及总风险评估指标的确定等。以某炼油厂柴油加氢精制装置的应用为例,说明该方法可以指导企业根据最终确定的风险等级制定泄漏检测计划,对高风险部位增加检测的频次,既能有效监控密封点的密封效果,又减少不必要的资源投入。     

Experimental Evaluation of the Sustainability of Dwarf Bamboo (Pseudosasa usawai) Sprout-Harvesting Practices in Yangminshan National Park,Taiwan

Sustainable harvest of natural products that meets the needs of local people has been viewed by many as an important means for sustaining conservation projects. Although plants often respond to tissue damage through compensatory growth, it may not secure long-term sustainability of the populations because many plants enhance individual well-being at the expense of propagation. Sustainability may further be threatened by infrequent, large-scale events, especially ill-documented ones. We studied the impacts of sprout harvesting on sprout growth in a dwarf bamboo (Pseudosasa usawai) population that has seemingly recovered from an infrequent, large-scale masting event. Experimental results suggest that although a single sprout harvest did not significantly alter the subsequent abundance and structure of sprouts, culm damage that accompanied sprout harvesting resulted in shorter, thinner, and fewer sprouts. Weaker recovery was found in windward, continually harvested, and more severely damaged sites. These findings suggest that sprout growth of damaged dwarf bamboos is likely non-compensatory, but is instead supported through physiological integration whose strength is determined by the well-being of the supplying ramets. Healthy culms closer to the damage also provided more resources than those farther away. Sustainable harvesting of sprouts could benefit from organized community efforts to limit the magnitude of culm damage, provide adequate spacing between harvested sites, and ensure sufficient time interval between harvests. Vegetation boundaries relatively resilient to infrequent, large-scale events are likely maintained by climatic factors and may be sensitive to climate change. Continual monitoring is, therefore, integral to the sustainability of harvesting projects.     

Effectiveness of amendments on re-acidification and heavy metal immobilization in an extremely acidic mine soil

Previous studies have shown that the application of soil amendments is efficient in reducing acidity and heavy metal bioavailability in mine soils. However, it remains a challenge for environmentalists to predict accurately and control economically the re-acidification in re-vegetated mine soils. In this study, net acid generation (NAG) test and bioassay technique were employed to assess the effectiveness of the amendments [including lime, N-P-K (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) fertilizer, phosphate and river sediment] on re-acidification and heavy metal immobilization in an extremely acid (pH < 3) mine soil. Our results suggested that NAG test was a rapid and accurate approach to assess the effectiveness of the amendments on re-acidification potential of the mine soil. Interestingly, it was found that phosphate and river sediment played quite specific roles in preventing the re-acidification in the mine soil. In addition, the results also indicated that the addition of 25 t ha(-1) lime combined with river sediment (30%) might be an economical method to successfully control the acidification and re-acidification in the extremely acid mine soil, allowing the re-establishment of the plants. Collectively, our results implied that the combined use of NAG test and bioassay assessment was effective in evaluating a reclamation strategy for extremely acidic mine soils.