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排序方式: 共有249条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Tobias Conradt Hagen Koch Fred F. Hattermann Frank Wechsung 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(3):649-661
A global change assessment required detailed simulation of water availability in the Elbe River basin in Central Europe (148,268?km2). Using the spatially semi-distributed, eco-hydrological model SWIM, spatial calibration was applied. For 225 sub-areas covering the model domain (134,890?km2), evapotranspiration and groundwater dynamics were individually adjusted. The calibration aimed at good correspondences with long-term run-off contributions and the hydrographs for two extreme years. Measured run-off was revised from water management effects to produce quasi-natural discharges for calibration. At some gauges, there were large volume differences between these reference data and the simulations of the spatially uncalibrated model. Most affected were some sub-basins in the Czech part of the basin where the density of available climate stations was much lower than the German part. Thus, both erroneous precipitation data and systematic flaws in the evapotranspiration module of SWIM could have caused the differences. In order to identify the major error source and to validate the choice of spatial calibration parameters (evapotranspiration and groundwater dynamic corrections), MCMC analyses were made for three Czech areas. Optional precipitation correction had been considered by a third calibration parameter in the MCMC assessment. In two of the three cases, it can be shown that evapotranspiration corrections are preferable as precipitation errors are negligible. In the third case, where the analyses indicate a substantial error in precipitation data, an interpolation problem of the climate data at the edge of the model domain could be found. Hence, the applied method shows its potential to identify specific sources of uncertainty in hydrological modelling. 相似文献
82.
Eduardo Koch Jorgelina Cecilia Altamirano Adrian Covaci Nerina Belén Lana Néstor Fernando Ciocco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):761-765
Apple snail Pomacea canaliculata has been reported to accumulate polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and was recently proposed as PBDE bioindicator. This work investigates the ability of P. canaliculata to accumulate BDE-209 by dietary exposure under controlled experimental conditions. A 30-day long enrichment feeding assay was carried out using 30 adult apple snails, placed in individual aquaria. Food was enriched at three BDE-209 concentrations (400, 4,700, and 8,300 μg g?1 lipid weight). Correlation between BDE-209 values in food and snail tissue were estimated according to Stockholm Convention suggested criteria for chemicals with KOW >5. All animals survived with no evident physical alterations, and all of them accumulated BDE-209. BDE-209 levels in tissue samples increased exponentially with the exposure concentration. The bioaccumulation factor vs. food concentration plot showed a peculiar pattern, in which at intermediate concentrations the snails accumulated less BDE-209 than expected. Our results suggest that P. canaliculata would present a detoxification mechanism for BDE-209 different from the most commonly reported metabolic pathways. 相似文献
83.
Thermal decomposition of struvite and its phase transition 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Intentional crystallization of struvite, before it forms and accumulates on wastewater treatment equipment, solves an important and costly wastewater treatment problem and on the other hand, provides an environmentally sound and renewable nutrient source to the agricultural industry. Struvite was synthesized in the laboratory; it was also produced as pellets in a pilot-scale, fluidized bed reactor, using real centrate resulting from an anaerobic digester. The thermal decomposition of both synthetic struvite and struvite pellets was studied. The decomposition of struvite was found to be dependent on the rate of heating. Through gradual loss of ammonia and water molecules, ultimately struvite was found to be transformed into amorphous magnesium hydrogen phosphate. When struvite was heated in excess water, it was partially transformed into bobierrite, through the gradual loss of ammonia. It was transformed into monohydrate, dittmarite by losing its five water molecules of crystallization, when boiled in excess water. 相似文献
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S. Witkowski W. Ochsenfeld F. L. Boschke P. Toschek J. Brandmüller H. Sackmann D. Demus K. Cammann G. Koch H. Schmidbaur C. H. Krauch G. Snatzke L. Jaenicke K. Dose F. Haurowitz T. Kreuzer O. Hoffmann-Ostenhof G. May W. Lehmann J. Rëtey W. Bühler H. Bösenberg D. Gröger Alan Charig E. Jäger H. Brücher P. Kornmann 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1971,58(2):103-108
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The crystal structure of a "coplanar" polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) derivative, 4-methoxy-3, 3', 5'-trichlorobiphenyl (C13H9Cl3O), is described. The torsion angle of the title compound is 41.31(07) degrees, which is in good agreement with the calculated torsion angle of 38.2 degrees in aqueous solution. 相似文献
90.