基于CA-MAS的水域总有机碳扩散模拟研究

当前水环境污染扩散研究一般基于普通数值模型模拟,忽略了水污染扩散微观驱动力的影响。为能更真实地反映其动态扩散过程,针对水域总有机碳(TOC)扩散机理,基于CA和MAS技术,将影响TOC扩散的自然和社会经济因素抽象为微观的水流Agent、风速Agent、径流量Agent、污水排放口Agent、人工管理Agent以及农业生产地Agent,将研究水域抽象为CA元胞空间,建立了CA-MAS水域总有机碳扩散模型,对水域总有机碳的动态演化过程进行模拟,并以武汉理工大学鉴湖水域作为实验区域,借助NetLogo仿真平台完成了模型的实现与验证。模拟结果表明,该模型基本能够反映水体总有机碳的扩散规律,可以为水环境污染控制提供参考。     

Rapid and efficient removal of Ni2+ from aqueous solution by the one-pot synthesized EDTA-modified magnetic nanoparticles

A facile one-pot process has been proposed to prepare the novel ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-modified magnetite nanoparticles (EDTA-MNPs). The bared Fe₃O₄ magnetite nanoparticles and EDTA-MNPs were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, VSM, and X-ray diffraction. The application of the modified magnetite nanoparticles for metal ion uptake was studied using Ni²⁺ as a model. The adsorption was fast and the equilibrium was established within 5 min, and the adsorption kinetics of Ni²⁺ onto EDTA-MNPs followed the pseudo second-order chemisorption mechanism. Maximum adsorption capacity for Ni²⁺ reached as high as 41.3 mg/g at pH 6. The successive adsorption–desorption studies indicated that the EDTA-MNPs kept the adsorption and desorption efficiencies constant over ten cycles. Importantly, EDTA-MNPs were able to remove nearly 100 % of Ni²⁺ from real water.     

城乡居民突发事件应对能力研究——以浙江省为例

将突发事件应对能力分为一般应对能力和特殊应对能力,以大学生为样本编制量表,在社会居民中验证其适用性,量表有良好的信效度和适用性。对浙江省11个地区的居民抽样调查表明,积极行为能力强于情绪管理能力,传染疾病和火灾应对能力比较强,食物中毒应对能力比较弱;城市居民强于农村居民,男性比女性强;社会居民强于大学生,50岁以下的比较强;机关干部最强,农民最弱;受训者强于未受训者,受训者太少。突发事件应对训练竭待加强。     

直埋式光纤传感钻孔注浆耦合材料配合比试验研究

采用钻孔埋设传感光纤是岩土体分布式光纤传感直埋技术的一种,为使传感光纤与周围土体变形协调,通常在钻孔内注浆,使传感光纤与周围岩土介质凝固为一体。根据对浆液凝固时间无特定要求和有特定要求的2种情况,通过试验研究了钻孔注浆耦合材料、配合比及其凝固后强度。结果表明:通过调整水泥与膨润土的比例以及水固比可以控制凝固体的无侧限抗压强度,使其强度与原位岩土体的近似相同;添加适量的水玻璃可以加快浆液的凝固速度。针对石家庄某隧道原位土体的力学参数,得到了满足现场施工要求的最优配合比,使浆液凝固后的力学指标与原位土体的近似相同。     

空冷机组运行初期如何降低汽水系统的硅含量

为了保证对空冷发电机组的水汽系统在机组运行初期硅含量监督指标的控制,对影响水汽中SiO₂含量的因素进行分析,提出洗硅的有效方法和措施。应用结果表明:采用洗硅、投运前冲洗、合理的凝结水精处理以及调节pH值等控制手段,可有效改善并解决水汽系统硅含量长期超标的问题,保证机组合格的水汽品质。     

Calculation Of Electric Field Strength Distributions For New Electrostatic Precipitator Discharge Electrode Designs

New collecting and discharge electrode configurations are being used in electrostatic precipitators. In order to mathematically model preclpitators with these arrangements, it is necessary to develop reliable models of the field strength distributions of these electrodeplate geometries. This paper presents the concept of an equivalent wire diameter and attenuation functions, permitting use of the well-known wire-plate calculations. Experimental data presented in this paper shows the approximation techniques are sufficiently accurate.     

An Assessment of the Emissions Inventory Processing Systems EMS-2001 and SMOKE in Grid-Based Air Quality Models

Abstract

In the United States, emission processing models such as Emissions Modeling System-2001 (EMS-2001), Emissions Preprocessor System-Version 2.5 (EPS2.5), and the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) model are currently being used to generate gridded, hourly, speciated emission inputs for urban and regional-scale photochemical models from aggregated pollutant inventories. In this study, two models, EMS-2001 and SMOKE, were applied with their default internal data sets to process a common inventory database for a high ozone (O₃) episode over the eastern United States using the Carbon Bond IV (CB4) chemical speciation mechanism. A comparison of the emissions processed by these systems shows differences in all three of the major processing steps performed by the two models (i.e., in temporal allocation, spatial allocation, and chemical speciation). Results from a simulation with a photochemical model using these two sets of emissions indicate differences on the order of ±20 ppb in the predicted 1-hr daily maximum O₃ concentrations. It is therefore critical to develop and implement more common and synchronized temporal, spatial, and speciation cross-reference systems such that the processes within each emissions model converge toward reasonably similar results. This would also help to increase confidence in the validity of photochemical grid model results by reducing one aspect of modeling uncertainty.     

The Kinetics of Catalytic Incineration of Dimethyl Sulfide and Dimethyl Disulfide over an MnO/Fe2O3 Catalyst

ABSTRACT

The catalytic incineration of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide [(CH₃)₂S and (CH₃)₂S₂] over an MnO/Fe₂O₃ catalyst was carried out in a bench-scale catalytic incinerator. Three kinetic models (i.e., the power-rate law, the Mars and Van Krevelen model, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) were used to analyze the results. A differential reactor design was used for best fit of kinetic models in this study. The results show that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model may be feasible to describe the catalytic incineration of (CH₃)₂S and (CH₃)₂S₂. This suggests that the chemical adsorption of O₂ molecules is important in this incineration.     

Absorption and Reaction Kinetics of Amines and Ammonia Solutions with Carbon Dioxide in Flue Gas

Abstract

The removal system for the absorption of CO₂ with amines and NH₃ is an advanced air pollution control device to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Absorption of CO₂ by amines and NH₃ solutions was performed in this study to derive the reaction kinetics. The absorption of CO₂ as encountered in flue gases into aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and NH₃ was carried out using a stirred vessel with a plane gas-liquid interface at 50 °C. Various operating parameters were tested to determine the effect of these variables on the absorption kinetics of the reactants in both gas and liquid phases and the effect of competitions between various reactants on the mass-transfer rate.

The observed absorption rate increases with increasing gas-liquid concentration, solvent concentration, temperature, and gas flow rate, but changes with the O₂ concentration and pH value. The absorption efficiency of MEA is better than that of NH₃ and DEA, but the absorption capacity of NH₃ is the best. The active energies of the MEA and NH₃ with CO₂ are 33.19 and 40.09 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in an e-waste dismantling region in Southeast China: Use of apple snail (Ampullariidae) as a bioindicator

Fengjiang is a large e-waste dismantling site located in southeast China. In this paper, apple snail and soil samples were collected from this e-waste dismantling site and 25 vicinal towns to investigate the contamination status, spatial distributions and congener patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Total PCB concentrations in apple snails (3.78-1812 ng g⁻¹ dry weight (dw)) were significant higher than that in soil samples (0.48-90.1 ng g⁻¹ dw). PBDE (excluding BDE 209) concentrations in apple snail and soil samples ranged from 0.09 to 27.7 ng g⁻¹ dw and 0.06 to 31.2 ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in snails and soils correlated negatively with the distance from Fengjiang. Both the concentrations and profiles of the pollutants were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) between the snail and soil samples, indicating the suitability of apple snail as a reliable bioindicator for PCBs and PBDEs contamination in this region. Relatively high concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs at locations far from e-waste dismantling sites implied that these pollutants have been transported to surrounding regions.