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351.
通过研究各仪器性能指标以及测定实际水质样品,对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中砷的方法进行了优化和比对研究。结果表明,ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪快速测定水中砷的方法检出限(0.2 mg/L)高于JH 916检测仪和PORS-15 V光谱仪的方法检出限(0.008和0.009 mg/L),在突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,JH 916检测仪和PORS-15 V光谱仪具有相对较高的灵敏度。ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪和JH 916检测仪快速测定水中砷的方法精密度相近,其测定结果相对标准偏差均未超过5.7%(n=6),PORS-15 V光谱仪快速测定水中砷的方法精密度稍差,其相对标准偏差最大值为17%。测定实际样品时,加标回收率分别为110%~126%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪),63%~108%(PORS-15 V光谱仪),78%~101%(JH 916检测仪)。3种便携式分光光度计与实验室分析方法相比,测定结果精密度均存在显著性差异,测定结果相对偏差亦较大,相对偏差最大值分别为-19.0%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪),17.0%(PORS-15 V光谱仪),-15.0%(JH 916检测仪)。 相似文献
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354.
采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法(GC×GC TOF-MS)分析了混标样品Aroclor 1260、Aroclor 1254、Aroclor 1242中的多氯联苯(PCBs)单体,考察了在复杂体系下对7种PCBs指示剂的分离能力。结果表明,与优化柱系统的分离效果相比,136种单体的混标样品中共分离出121种单体,7种指示剂经一维和二维的保留时间及质谱定性,在121种单体的2D斑点图中清晰可辨。全二维对于复杂体系的PCBs和指示剂的分离表明其强大的分离能力和对于检测复杂体系中指示剂的分辨能力,对该类物质的定性和定量检测具有重要意义。 相似文献
355.
Yu Y Wen S Lü H Feng Y Wang X Sheng G Fu J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):275-285
The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds
of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant
carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C3-C10 carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and their levels were lower during night-time and often reached
the lowest in early morning. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, showed two high levels in their diurnal patterns partly
due to their different sources and sinks. The VOCs had different diurnal patterns compared to most carbonyls. The highest
concentrations were observed from 03:00 to 06:00 for 1-butene, from 06:00 to 12:00 for isoprene, and from 12:00 to 15:00 for
α-pinene. The highest levels for aromatic hydrocarbons occurred during midnight and the lowest in late afternoon. According
to the study, emissions from vegetation and photo-oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons were the main sources for some carbonyls
and VOCs in this region. Other compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and BTEX, showed anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
356.
Chen B Pan Y Wang J Fu Z Zhang Y Zhou Y 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(6):3545-3556
Evenly distributed sampling design is generally considered as an efficient sampling design. It is widely used in sampling
for the environmental survey. In this paper, we present a novel method for generating N evenly distributed samples within a given irregular polygon via simulating the movements of some ideal homogeneous point
charges. Initially, charges are randomly put into the sampling region; then, they are freed and held orderly; and after enough
runs, the charges will finally reach a stable state with all of them having a zero resultant force and velocity; and so they
distribute evenly within the region. Their layout can thus be considered as an evenly distributed sampling design. The main
advantages of this method are: (1) it is easy to understand and implement; (2) it is efficient in both running and generating
better designs. Analysis and experimental results indicate that this method is an efficient and robust method for generating
even sampling designs for 2D polygonal sampling region. 相似文献
357.
Characteristic, composition, and sources of TSP investigated by HRTEM/EDS and ESEM/EDS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhai Y Fu Z Wang L Zeng G Li C Chen H Lan Y Lu P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(11):6693-6707
Total suspended particle (TSP) collected at the fifth floor of House Dust in Hunan University, China, was analyzed in terms of microscopic morphology and chemical composition. The fine particles (50?nm-2?μm) in the TSP were analyzed by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (HRTEM/EDS). Results showed that the particles were in shapes of plate, irregular and agglomerate. Based on EDS results, these fine particulate matter was primarily composed of Fe-rich (35.82-61.29%), Ca-rich (30.18-36.77%) and Si-rich (18.95-32.28%) particles. Other elements mainly including Mg (0.47-4.97%), Al (0.45-14.57%), S (0.45-4.73%), K (1.13-2.13%) and Zn (0.67-3.85%) were also observed. The sources analysis indicated that the HRTEM particles mainly originated from coal combustion, traffic emission, vehicles exhaust emission and fugitive soil or cement particulate matter. The coarse particles (4-50?μm) were detected by environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray detector (ESEM/EDS). Based on a simple algorithm, ESEM particles were categorized into five groups: C-bearing (46.15%, 67% and 86.98%), Si + Ca-bearing (21.48?+?11.80%, 16.51?+?10.81% and 16.32?+?10.62%), Si + Al-bearing (20.06?+?12.40%, 20.16?+?11.22% and 15.31?+?11.25%), Si-bearing (34.40%, 26.92% and 27.15%) particles and aggregates, most of which exhibit obvious crystalline structure, and these ESEM particles mainly derived from vehicles exhaust emission, coal combustion, soil, and biomass burning, while the aggregates are indicative of atmospheric reaction progress. HRTEM/EDS and ESEM/EDS are mutual complementary in analyzing the characteristic and determining the sources of TSP. 相似文献
358.
Tengteng Liu Joris M. Koene Xiaoxiao Dong Rongshu Fu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4183-4190
The concentration of heavy metals in the environment is normally low. We here address whether using the development of isolated pond snail Radix auricularia eggs would provide a more sensitive endpoint and whether the gelatinous matrix of the egg mass surrounding the eggs indeed protects the snail embryos. In the present study, artificial removal of the gelatinous matrix of egg masses greatly increased the sensitivity of developing eggs to a heavy metal (cadmium). The sensitivity of isolated eggs to cadmium was determined using several convenient endpoints, including mortality, hatching rate, and heart rate, with an acute toxicity test and a subchronic test. In the acute toxicity test, a 96-h LC50 value of 58.26 μg/L cadmium was determined. In the subchronic toxicity test, sublethal effects in terms of a significant reduction in hatching rate could be found in the 25-μg/L treatment, and a significant decrease of heart rate was observed in both treatments (5 and 25 μg/L). The high sensitivity of isolated eggs indicates that such tests can be efficient for toxicity assays and risk assessment, although one needs to keep in mind that the ecologically relevant measure of toxicity will be how eggs are affected when they are still inside the egg mass. 相似文献
359.
360.
徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。 相似文献