固体废物中氰化物全量的测定方法研究

建立了固体废物中氰化物全量的测定方法.选择金矿、电镀污泥等典型固废实际样品为研究对象,探讨了氰化物的全量测定结果与提取液pH的关系,确定使用pH值>12的氢氧化钠水溶液做为全量提取液.提取液中氰化物的含量采用硝酸银滴定法、异烟酸-吡唑啉酮或异烟酸-巴比妥酸分光光度法进行测定.方法检出限分别为0.24、0.03及0.02 mg/kg,实际固废样品加标回收率范围在92.2%~107%,6次测定结果的RSD为1.5%~11.7%.该方法检出限低、回收率高,精密度和准确度良好,适用于固体废物中氰化物的全量测定.     

跨省水流域突发环境事件应急监测预案分析

阐述了编制跨省水流域突发环境事件应急监测预案的必要性,重点介绍了跨省水流域突发环境事件的特点及应急监测预案的基本要素;明确了处理突发环境事件应急工作中的组织机构、工作职责以及工作程序,通过加强应急培训与演练,确保应急预案的持续实用性和有效性.应急监测预案是突发环境事件防范的重要组成部分,制定并逐步完善应急监测预案,在预案的指导下及时、准确地出具监测数据,是顺利处理跨省水流域突发环境事件的重要保证.     

环境监理取费基价的测算方法研究

环境监理是“三同时”制度全过程管理的体现.统一的行业收费标准对环境监理行业的健康发展至关重要.完善的收费机制有利于企业间的公平竞争,先进技术的应用与发展,高端人才的引进.通过对比发展较成熟的工程监理取费机制,分析环境监理的工作内容,收集已实施案例数据.通过matlab技术对收集的取费数据进行拟合分析,得出环境监理取费函数,并检验函数偏差.得出以投资额为基数的环境监理基价取费建议表.     

Project feasibility study: the key to successful implementation of sustainable and socially responsible construction management practice

This paper introduces a new approach for conducting project feasibility study by embracing the principles of sustainable development. Construction projects, in particular, infrastructures have major influence on the attainment of sustainable development, thus project sustainability needs to be considered. This becomes a pressing issue particularly in those developing countries or regions, such as China where a huge amount of construction works are currently performed and remain to happen in the future. Previous study has addressed little on the relevance of project feasibility study to project sustainability performance. The importance of incorporating sustainable development principles in conducting project feasibility study is not effectively understood by project stakeholders. This paper addresses major challenges of undertaking project feasibility study in line with sustainable construction practice with reference to the Chinese construction industry. A case study approach is the major research method in this study. The research team collected 87 feasibility study reports from various projects. Attributes are used for measuring project performance, including 18 economic performance attributes, nine social performance attributes, and eight environmental performance attributes. Research results show that economic performance is given the most concern in the current practice of project feasibility study, whilst less attention is given to the social and environmental performance. The study reveals the insufficiency of examining the performance of implementing a construction project from the perspective of sustainable development. The results also suggest the need for shifting the traditional approach of project feasibility study to a new approach that embraces the principles of sustainable development.     

On sealing a lakebed: mass media and environmental democratisation in China

This paper examines a transition of environmental governance in China that involves increased transparency and public participation. It pays close attention to the role of the mass media in this transformation. After briefly reviewing the history of environmental governance in China, the paper examines the particular transformations in the governance regime that are associated with the controversy over the sealing of the eastern lake in the Old Summer Palace, Beijing. The paper argues that the central government has increasingly enlisted the support of the public and the media in governing environmental matters and provides evidence that the traditional mass media and the Internet have become increasingly active in environmental debates in China.     

Ozonation of o-cresol in aqueous solutions using a rotating packed-bed reactor.

Experimental results indicated that ozone transfer in the rotating packed contactor was noticeably greater than in a traditional packed-bed contactor under similar operational conditions. Ozonation in the rotating packed contactor has been shown to be feasible for achieving nearly complete decomposition of o-cresol within 1 hour. The decomposition of o-cresol by ozonation in the rotating packed contactor increased with increasing rotor speed and decreasing the gas-liquid flowrate ratio. However, the reduction of total organic carbon during the ozonation of o-cresol was not influenced by variation of rotor speed and gas-liquid flowrate ratio. The species distribution of o-cresol under various solution conditions plays a significant role in determining the decomposition behavior. In most experiments conducted in this study, the decomposition of o-cresol by ozonation was more favorable under alkaline conditions.     

2-n-丙基酚在模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解动力学

以2-n-丙基酚为研究对象,分3个质量浓度系列研究其在人工模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解过程.试验结果表明,在该模拟海水体系中,ρ(DO)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,ρ(DO)变化过程与2-n-丙基酚的生物降解过程密切相关,ρ(DO)最低值出现在2-n-丙基酚降解率达85%～90%的阶段.2-n-丙基酚在该体系中的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,其生物降解速率与2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度有关.2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度增加,生物降解速率下降,滞后期和半衰期也相应延长.      

溴虫腈在甘蓝及土壤中的残留检测及降解动态

建立了用高效液相色谱法检测甘蓝和土壤中溴虫腈残留的分析方法.土壤和甘蓝样品经丙酮/水混合液(体积比为8∶2)提取,用装有无水硫酸钠和中性氧化铝的层析柱净化,用C18柱作为分析柱,甲醇与水混合液(体积比为80∶20)作为流动相,在260nm的检测波长下,用高效液相色谱法定量测定甘蓝和土壤中残留的溴虫腈.在溴虫腈添加质量比为0·1~1·0mg·kg-1范围内,甘蓝和土壤样品的平均回收率为90·6%~93·3%,变异系数为1·9%~11·6%,在上述条件下,甘蓝和土壤中的最低检出限为0·0162mg·kg-1.应用上述方法,测定了10%溴虫腈纳米功能化制剂和10%溴虫腈悬浮剂在甘蓝和土壤中的降解动态.结果表明,10%溴虫腈纳米功能化制剂和10%悬浮剂在甘蓝中的降解动态方程分别为C=4·0431e-0·3103t(R2=0·9528)和C=6·9611e-0·2686t(R2=0·9272),半衰期分别为t0·5=2·2d和2·6d;在土壤中的降解动态方程分别为C=0·2538e-0·1612t(R2=0·9281)和C=0·537e-0·1754t(R2=0·9845),半衰期分别为t0·5=4·3d和3·9d.按推荐剂量的加倍量施药,在甘蓝中的最终残留低于美国国家环保署规定之蔬菜最大允许残留量(1mg·kg-1).10%溴虫腈纳米功能化制剂在甘蓝和土壤中的降解都比10%溴虫腈悬浮剂快,且作物的最终残留量也比较少,所以,溴虫腈纳米功能化制剂能较好地减少其在作物和土壤中的残留.     

泰山顶与济南市大气臭氧浓度变化规律研究

利用2003年7月至9月在泰山顶和济南市3个月的臭氧（O3）自动连续监测数据,对两地O3浓度的频率分布、日变化和日际变化等特征进行对照分析。实验结果表明,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较集中,济南市O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较分散。泰山顶各月O3小时平均浓度的平均值和日均值均高于济南市;泰山顶O3小时平均浓度的最大值低于济南市,而O3小时平均浓度的最小值要高于济南市。泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化规律与济南市O3小时平均浓度日变化规律有很大差别,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化很平缓,最大值与最小值相差不大,济南市O3小时平均浓度一般在中午和午后浓度较高,早晨和夜晚较低。