全文获取类型
收费全文 | 227篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1篇 |
废物处理 | 9篇 |
环保管理 | 8篇 |
综合类 | 68篇 |
基础理论 | 41篇 |
污染及防治 | 74篇 |
评价与监测 | 11篇 |
社会与环境 | 19篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 11篇 |
2007年 | 18篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 12篇 |
2004年 | 5篇 |
2003年 | 6篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 3篇 |
1963年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 4篇 |
1960年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
1952年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 1篇 |
1946年 | 1篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
1929年 | 1篇 |
1917年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有232条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Perfluorinated Surfactants in Surface and Drinking Waters (9 pp) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Skutlarek D Exner M Färber H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(5):299-307
Background, Aim and Scope
In this paper recent results are provided of an investigation on the discovery of 12 perfluorinated surfactants (PS) in different
surface and drinking waters (Skutlarek et al. 2006 a, Skutlarek et al. 2006 b). In the last years, many studies have reported
ubiquitous distribution of this group of perfluorinated chemicals, especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic
acid (PFOA) in the environment, particularly in wildlife animal and human samples (Giesy and Kannan 2001, Houde et al. 2006,
Prevedouros et al. 2006). Perfluorinated surfactants (e.g. PFOS and PFOA) have shown different potentials for reproductory
interference and carcinogenity in animal experiments as well as partly long half-lives in humans (Guruge et al. 2006, FSA
UK 2006a, FSA UK 2006b, 3M 2005, OECD 2002, Yao and Zhong 2005). They possess compound-dependent extreme recalcitrance against
microbiological and chemical degradation and, in addition, they show variable potentials for bioaccumulation in animals and
humans (Houde et al. 2006).
Materials and Methods:
Surface and drinking water samples were collected from different sampling sites:
- Surface waters: samples taken from the rivers Rhine, Ruhr, Moehne and some of their tributaries. Further samples were taken
from the Rhine-Herne-Canal and the Wesel-Datteln-Canal.
- Drinking waters: samples taken in public buildings of the Rhine-Ruhr area.
After sample clean-up and concentration by solid-phase extraction, the perfluorinated surfactants were determined using HPLC-MS/MS.
Results:
All measured concentrations (sum of seven mainly detected components) in the Rhine river and its main tributaries (mouths)
were determined below 100 ng/L. The Ruhr river (tributary of the Rhine) showed the highest concentration (94 ng/L), but with
a completely different pattern of components (PFOA as major component), as compared with the other tributaries and the Rhine
river. Further investigations along the Ruhr river showed remarkably high concentrations of PS in the upper reaches of the
Ruhr river and the Moehne river (tributary of the Ruhr) (Ruhr: up to 446 ng/L, Moehne: up to 4385 ng/L). The maximum concentration
of all drinking water samples taken in the Rhine-Ruhr area was determined at 598 ng/L with the major component PFOA (519 ng/L).
Discussion:
The surface water contaminations most likely stem from contaminated inorganic and organic waste materials (so-called 'Abfallgemisch').
This waste material was legally applied to several agricultural areas on the upper reaches of the Moehne. Perfluorinated surfactants
could be detected in some suchlike soil samples. They contaminated the river and the reservoir belonging to it, likely by
superficial run-off over several months or probably years. Downstream, dilution effects are held responsible for decreasing
concentrations of PS in surface waters of the Moehne and the Ruhr river. In analogy to the surface water samples, PS (major
component PFOA) can be determined in many drinking water samples of the Rhine-Ruhr area where the water supplies are mainly
based on bank filtration and artificial recharge.
Conclusions:
The concentrations found in drinking waters decreased with the concentrations of the corresponding raw water samples along
the flow direction of the Ruhr river (from east to west) and were not significantly different from surface water concentrations.
This indicates that perfluorinated surfactants are at present not successfully removed by water treatment steps.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
Because of their different problematic properties (persistence, mobility, toxicity, bioaccumulation), the concentrations of
specific perfluorinated surfactants and their precursors in drinking waters and food have to be minimised. Therefore, it is
of utmost importance to take the initiative to establish suitable legal regulations (limitations/ban) concerning the production
and use of these surfactants and their precursors. Furthermore, it is indispensable to protect water resources from these
compounds. A discussion on appropriate limit values in drinking water and foodstuffs is urgently needed. Concerning the assumed
soil contamination, the corresponding regulation (Bioabfall-Verordnung 1998 – Regulation on Organic Waste 1998) should be
extended to allow the control of relevant organic pollutants. 相似文献
32.
Surfaces of many sports fields, playgrounds and paths in Germany are covered with red slag ?Kieselrot”. Kieselrot is extremely high contaminated by polychlorinated dibenzodioxines and dibenzofurans. Mean PCDD/F-concentration in surface layers of 35 locations in Hessen is 45 500 ng I-TE/kg. PCDD/F-contents range from 1 000 to 250 ng I-TE/kg within 10 cm under surface layers and from 6 000 to 600 ng I-TE/kg in top soils of three metres wide peripheral areas. Concentration in subsoils is a function of depth (n=18, r=?0,741), concentration in topsoils of peripheral areas is a function of distance from large sports fields (n=14, r=?0,881) or small sportsfields (n=23, r=?0,742), respectively. A 15 metres wide and 10 centimetres deep peripheral area contains 0,8 g I-TE PCDD/F. The pollution of surroundings and further observations indicate that ?Kieselrot-areas” must be regarded as important dioxin sources. 相似文献
33.
Modeling recovery of Swedish ecosystems from acidification 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dynamic models complement existing time series of observations and static critical load calculations by simulating past and future development of chemistry in forest and lake ecosystems. They are used for dynamic assessment of the acidification and to produce target load functions, that describe what combinations of nitrogen and sulfur emission reductions are needed to achieve a chemical or biological criterion in a given target year. The Swedish approach has been to apply the dynamic acidification models MAGIC, to 133 lakes unaffected by agriculture and SAFE, to 645 productive forest sites. While the long-term goal is to protect 95% of the area, implementation of the Gothenburg protocol will protect approximately 75% of forest soils in the long term. After 2030, recovery will be very slow and involve only a limited geographical area. If there had been no emission reductions after 1980, 87% of the forest area would have unwanted soil status in the long term. In 1990, approximately 17% of all Swedish lakes unaffected by agriculture received an acidifying deposition above critical load. This fraction will decrease to 10% in 2010 after implementation of the Gothenburg protocol. The acidified lakes of Sweden will recover faster than the soils. According to the MAGIC model the median pre-industrial ANC of 107 microeq L(-1) in acid sensitive lakes decreased to about 60 microeq L(-1) at the peak of the acidification (1975-1990) and increases to 80 microeq L(-1) by 2010. Further increases were small, only 2 microeq L(-1) between 2010 and 2040. Protecting 95% of the lakes will require further emission reductions below the Gothenburg protocol levels. More than 7000 lakes are limed regularly in Sweden and it is unlikely that this practice can be discontinued in the near future without adverse effects on lake chemistry and biology. 相似文献
34.
Harald J. Geyer Irene Scheunert Johannes G. Filser Friedhelm Korte 《Chemosphere》1986,15(9-12):1495-1502
The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in adipose tissue of rats, beef cattle and monkeys have been calculated. The bioconcentration potential of TCDD in man was calculated by two indirect methods: 1) from daily intake of TCDD and its measured concentrations in adipose tissues and 2) from measured half-life and measured concentrations in body fat at steady state using a linear one compartment pharmacokinetic model. The BCFs in humans calculated by both methods are between 104 and 206, or 153, respectively. 相似文献
35.
36.
Starting from the concept of three fundamental sustainability dimensions (environmental, social, and economic), this study investigated professional contributions to sustainability by means of principal component analysis (PCA). Graduates from the Environmental Sciences program (N?=?542) at ETH Zurich described their best professional contributions to sustainable development. Next, they evaluated whether their best practice example contributed to achieving any of the five environmental, social, and economic objectives of the Swiss national sustainability strategy. These judgments served as the basis for a PCA aiming to identify principal sustainability components (PSCs) covering typical synergies between sustainability objectives within and transcending the three fundamental dimensions. Three PSCs capturing important synergies were identified. PSC 1 Product and Process Development reflects how ecological innovation and modernization can generate social and economic benefits and at the same time facilitate the reduction in use of as well as the responsible use of natural resources. PSC 2 Education and Social Economics reflects how educational activities and sociocultural sustainability initiatives can simultaneously promote income and employment, social and human capital, and free personal development. PSC 3 Protection of Nature and Humans covers the synergetic benefits which protection of natural spaces and biodiversity and the reduction of environmental risks have for the protection of health and safety of the population. The study also revealed that integration of environmental, social, and economic aspects is often connected to conflicts between these dimensions. However, contributions which consider the economic situation of future generations or enhance social and human capital achieved considerable integration but showed no inclination toward such conflicts. 相似文献
37.
Eichelter Johanna Wilhelm Harald Mautner Andreas Fahrngruber Barbara Schafler Erhard Eder Andreas Kozich Martin Bismarck Alexander 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(11):3509-3524
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - We evaluated the influence of blending various renewable polymer grades and amounts to allow for high stretchability during stretching at 800 mm/s... 相似文献
38.
Climate change and associated glacial recession create new stream habitat that leads to the assembly of new riverine communities through primary succession. However, there are still very few studies of the patterns and processes of community assembly during primary succession for stream ecosystems. We illustrate the rapidity with which biotic communities can colonize and establish in recently formed streams by examining Stonefly Creek in Glacier Bay, Alaska (USA), which began to emerge from a remnant glacial ice mass between 1976 and 1979. By 2002, 57 macroinvertebrate and 27 microcrustacea species had become established. Within 10 years of the stream's formation, pink salmon and Dolly Varden charr colonized, followed by other fish species, including juvenile red and silver salmon, Coast Range sculpin, and sticklebacks. Stable-isotope analyses indicate that marine-derived nitrogen from the decay of salmon carcasses was substantially assimilated within the aquatic food web by 2004. The findings from Stonefly Creek are compared with those from a long-term study of a similarly formed but older stream (12 km to the northeast) to examine possible similarities in macroinvertebrate community and biological trait composition between streams at similar stages of development. Macroinvertebrate community assembly appears to have been initially strongly deterministic owing to low water temperature associated with remnant ice masses. In contrast, microcrustacean community assembly appears to have been more stochastic. However, as stream age and water temperature increased, macroinvertebrate colonization was also more stochastic, and taxonomic similarity between Stonefly Creek and a stream at the same stage of development was <50%. However the most abundant taxa were similar, and functional diversity of the two communities was almost identical. Tolerance is suggested as the major mechanism of community assembly. The rapidity with which salmonids and invertebrate communities have become established across an entire watershed has implications for the conservation of biodiversity in freshwater habitats. 相似文献
39.
The discovery of a possibly invasive Proscoloplos species on the French Atlantic coast led to a detailed morphological and molecular investigation. Proscoloplos consists of three nominal species, but molecular analyses of the variable ITS1 and ITS2 region revealed no clade support
for samples from South Africa, France and Australia, representing at least two of these nominal species. We found no unambiguous
diagnostic characters for the three different species even with scanning electron microscopy. Two main characters—first appearance
of branchiae and hooks—that were used for species delineation show considerable intrapopulational variation and do not withstand
critical evaluation. The obtained data and the observed regenerative capabilities point to a cautious use of the position
of branchiae and hooked chaetae as taxonomic marker in Proscoloplos. After experimental bisection of animals, the recovery led to a phenotype without recognizable signs of regeneration, but
neither branchiae nor hooked chaetae reoccurred at the same initial segmental position. Summarising the molecular and morphological
data we suggest the synonymy of the known Proscoloplos species under the senior synonym Proscoloplos cygnochaetus Day, 1967. The enormous geographic range of this species comprises the temperate waters of the whole southern hemisphere
and includes the French population. We discuss a dispersal enabled through the effective anchorage on vessels using mucous
glands and chaetae possibly combined with architomic reproduction. 相似文献
40.
Spatial anatomy of species survival: effects of predation and climate-driven environmental variability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ciannelli L Dingsør GE Bogstad B Ottersen G Chan KS Gjøsaeter H Stiansen JE Stenseth NC 《Ecology》2007,88(3):635-646
The majority of survival analyses focus on temporal scales. Consequently, there is a limited understanding of how species survival varies over space and, ultimately, how spatial variability in the environment affects the temporal dynamics of species abundance. Using data from the Barents Sea, we study the spatiotemporal variability of the juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) survival. We develop an index of spatial survival based on changes of juvenile cod distribution through their first winter of life (from age-0 to age-1) and study its variability in relation to biotic and abiotic factors. Over the 25 years analyzed (1980-2004), we found that, once the effect of passive drift due to dominant currents is accounted for, the area where age-0 cod survival was lowest coincided with the area of highest abundance of older cod. Within this critical region, the survival of age-0 cod was negatively affected by its own abundance, by that of older cod, and by bottom depth. Furthermore, during cold years, age-0 cod survival increased in the eastern and coldest portion of the examined area, which was typically avoided by older conspecifics. Based on these results we propose that within the examined area top-down mechanisms and predation-driven density dependence can strongly affect the spatial pattern of age-0 cod survival. Climate-related variables can also influence the spatial survival of age-0 cod by affecting their distribution and that of their predators. Results from these and similar studies, focusing on the spatial variability of survival rates, can be used to characterize species habitat quality of marine renewable resources. 相似文献