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Harald Heinrichs 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2001,13(3):172-174
Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel werden einige zentrale Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur wissenschaftlichen Politikberatung dargestellt.
Nach einer kurzen Einführung in das Konzept der ‘pluralistischen Wissensgesellschaft’ wird die Analyse-Perspektive erl?utert
und das Untersuchungsdesign skizziert. Anhand einer Vergleichsstudie zu umweltpolitischen Beratungssystemen wird dann aufgezeigt,
wie die Beratungspraxis aussieht. Schlie?lich werden Gestaltungsoptionen diskutiert.
Siehe UWSF 12 (6) 350 (2000)
Schlagw?rter: Politikberatung: umweltpolitische Beratung 相似文献
124.
Snell Rebecca S. Elkin Ché Kotlarski Sven Bugmann Harald 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):2145-2159
Regional Environmental Change - Mountain forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services (ES, e.g., timber production, protection from natural hazards, maintaining biodiversity) and are... 相似文献
125.
Growing resource demands by humans, invasive species, natural hazards, and a changing climate have created broad‐scale impacts and the need for broader‐extent conservation activities that span ownerships and even political borders. Implementing regional‐scale conservation brings great challenges, and learning how to overcome these challenges is essential for maintaining biodiversity (i.e., richness and evenness of biological communities) and ecosystem functions and services across scales and borders in the face of system change. We administered an online survey to examine factors potentially driving perspectives of protected‐area (PA) managers regarding coordination with neighboring PAs and other stakeholders (i.e., stakeholder coordination) for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services during the next decade within diverse regions across Europe. Although >70% (n = 58) of responding PA managers indicated that climate change and invasive species are relevant for their PAs, they gave <50% probability that these threats could be mitigated through stakeholder coordination. They thought there was a >60% probability (n = 85) that stakeholder coordination would take place with the aim to improve conservation outcomes. Consistent with the foundation on which many European PAs were established, managers viewed maintaining or enhancing biodiversity as the most important (>70%; n = 61) expected benefit. Other benefits included maintaining or enhancing human resources and environmental education (range of Bayesian credibility intervals [CIs] 57–93%). They thought the main barriers to stakeholder coordination were the lack of human and economic resources (CI 59–67% chance of hindering; n = 64) followed by communication and interstakeholder differences in political structures and laws (CI 51–64% probability of hindering). European policies and strategies that address these hindering factors could be particularly effective means of enabling implementation of green infrastructure networks in which PAs are the nodes. 相似文献
126.
Stefan Nickel Winfried Schröder Roman Schmalfuss Maike Saathoff Harry Harmens Gina Mills Marina V. Frontasyeva Lambe Barandovski Oleg Blum Alejo Carballeira Ludwig de Temmerman Anatoly M. Dunaev Antoaneta Ene Hilde Fagerli Barbara Godzik Ilia Ilyin Sander Jonkers Zvonka Jeran Pranvera Lazo Sebastien Leblond Siiri Liiv Blanka Mankovska Encarnación Núñez-Olivera Juha Piispanen Jarmo Poikolainen Ion V. Popescu Flora Qarri Jesus Miguel Santamaria Martijn Schaap Mitja Skudnik Zdravko Špirić Trajce Stafilov Eiliv Steinnes Claudia Stihi Ivan Suchara Hilde Thelle Uggerud Harald G. Zechmeister 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2018,30(1):53
Background
This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data collected in 2010/2011 throughout Europe and data on total atmospheric deposition modelled by two chemical transport models (EMEP MSC-E, LOTOS-EUROS), correlation coefficients between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were specified for spatial subsamples defined by ecological land classes of Europe (ELCE) as a spatial reference system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression (LR) were then used to separate moss sampling sites regarding their contribution to the strength of correlation considering the areal percentage of urban, agricultural and forestry land use around the sampling location. After verification LDA models by LR, LDA models were used to transform spatial information on the land use to maps of potential correlation levels, applicable for future network planning in the European Moss Survey.Results
Correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were found to be specific for elements and ELCE units. Land use around the sampling sites mainly influences the correlation level. Small radiuses around the sampling sites examined (5 km) are more relevant for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, while the areal percentage of urban and agricultural land use within large radiuses (75–100 km) is more relevant for As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and V. Most valid LDA models pattern with error rates of <?40% were found for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and V. Land use-dependent predictions of spatial patterns split up Europe into investigation areas revealing potentially high (=?above-average) or low (=?below-average) correlation coefficients.Conclusions
LDA is an eligible method identifying and ranking boundary conditions of correlations between atmospheric deposition and respective concentrations of heavy metals in moss and related mapping considering the influence of the land use around moss sampling sites.127.
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129.
Harald Wolf 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(3):415-425
In the habitat of desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, a constant wind is usually blowing during the daytime. When visiting a familiar food source, the ants steer some distance
downwind of the feeder, rather than attempting a direct approach that might miss small food sources, in particular. In the
downwind area, the ants pick up the odor plume emanating from the food and follow it upwind to the prey. This strategy saves
considerable walking distance and time. The additional path necessitated by the downwind strategy is only about 0.75 to 2 m,
depending on nest–feeder distance, while missing the food on the upwind side results in much longer search trajectories. During
the initial three to five visits to a feeding site, downwind distance and length of the approach path are shortened notably,
and the approach trajectory is straightened. Desert ants further exhibit considerable short-term flexibility in their approach.
Experienced individuals are evidently able to decide upon leaving the nest which direction to choose toward the feeder, depending
on current wind direction (that fluctuates slightly during the day). Notable changes in wind direction occur primarily overnight.
For larger nest–feeder distances, the animals adjust their approach en route to the altered wind direction during their first
foraging trip in the morning. 相似文献
130.
Jean-Claude Gascard Kathrin Riemann-Campe Rüdiger Gerdes Harald Schyberg Roger Randriamampianina Michael Karcher Jinlun Zhang Mehrad Rafizadeh 《Ambio》2017,46(3):355-367
The ability to forecast sea ice (both extent and thickness) and weather conditions are the major factors when it comes to safe marine transportation in the Arctic Ocean. This paper presents findings focusing on sea ice and weather prediction in the Arctic Ocean for navigation purposes, in particular along the Northeast Passage. Based on comparison with the observed sea ice concentrations for validation, the best performing Earth system models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) program (CMIP5—Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5) were selected to provide ranges of potential future sea ice conditions. Our results showed that, despite a general tendency toward less sea ice cover in summer, internal variability will still be large and shipping along the Northeast Passage might still be hampered by sea ice blocking narrow passages. This will make sea ice forecasts on shorter time and space scales and Arctic weather prediction even more important. 相似文献