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71.
Margarida Nunes Anaïs Vernisseau Philippe Marchand Bruno Le Bizec Fernando Ramos Miguel A. Pardal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):9396-9407
Superficial sediments collected from seven estuarine systems located along the Portuguese coast were analyzed for 7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). Total PCDD/F concentration ranged from 4.6 to 464 pg g?1 dry weight (dw), while that of dl-PCBs varied from 26.6 to 8,693 pg g?1 dw. In general, the highest PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations were associated with densely populated and industrially impacted areas. Additionally, PCDD/F revealed a predominance of octachlorodibenzodioxin (OCDD) to total PCDD/Fs, while PCB 118 was the major contributor to total dl-PCBs. This study provided a global perspective of the contamination status of Portuguese estuaries by dioxin-like compounds and allowed a comparison between the investigated systems and other systems worldwide. PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels found in the collected sediments were lower than those of highly impacted areas from different parts of the globe. Nevertheless, comparison with guidelines and quality standards from other countries indicated that some Portuguese estuarine areas with a high industrialization level present PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in superficial sediment that may constitute a risk to aquatic organisms. 相似文献
72.
73.
Haïfa Ben Mna Walid Oueslati Mohamed Amine Helali Noureddine Zaaboub Ayed Added Lotfi Aleya 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(7):356
To examine the state of pollution of Bizerte Lagoon which is exposed to intense anthropogenic pressure, two sediment cores were taken at two sites, one undergoes the dual effects of both marine waters arriving from the Mediterranean Sea through the Channel, and also of freshwater from the Tinja River; the other core is located at the center of the lagoon where water depth is maximal (12 m). Heavy metal concentrations in the two cores were assessed, with calculated enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indexes. Core sediments were also studied for chemical speciation and their monosulfide contents were measured. Results from enrichment factors and geo-accumulation indexes show an accumulation of Cd, Zn, Cr, and Pb, while chemical speciation revealed a risk only from Cd and Mn. Comparison of sequential extraction values with those of acid volatile sulfides revealed that non-toxic effects may be caused by any of the studied metals in the sediment. 相似文献
74.
Effects of some environmental parameters on catalase activity measured in the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to lindane 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), collected from the Bizerta lagoon, were acclimated for four days to various conditions of temperature, salinity, photoperiod and food supply and then exposed to lindane at a concentration of 40 microg l(-1). Catalase activity, which is a biomarker of exposure to an oxidative stress, was measured in the whole soft tissues of control and assay groups. In control mussels, high temperature, high salinity and light duration significantly increased catalase activity whereas this activity decreased when food, composed of freeze-dried, algae was available. When mussels were treated with lindane, catalase activities were higher than in controls. This increase was significant with temperature, salinity and light duration. The food supply did not change catalase activity, which was always higher compared to controls. Oxidative stress was shown in mussels exposed to lindane. The results highlight the need of considering abiotic parameters in biomonitoring studies, and especially when using catalase as a biomarker. 相似文献
75.
76.
Peigné S de Bonis L Likius A Mackaye HT Vignaud P Brunet M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(6):287-292
We report on the earliest modern mongooses of Africa, from the late Miocene (ca. 7 Ma) of the hominid locality TM 266, Toros-Menalla, Chad. The material is based on fragmentary dentitions of three individuals. The main diagnostic feature of the Chadian species is the great development of the shear in the carnassials, which distinguishes the Chadian specimens from all extant herpestids except Herpestes and Galerella. In comparison with most extinct and extant Herpestes, the species from Toros-Menalla differs by a markedly smaller size and, depending on the species, relatively more elongated carnassials, more transversely elongated M1 and more reduced p4. On the basis of a great morphological similarity and the absence of significant differences, we assign our material to Galerella sanguinea; the Chadian finding therefore represents the earliest appearance of an extant species of Herpestidae. This record ties the first appearance of the genus to a minimum age of ca. 7 Ma, which is consistent with the estimated divergence date of 11.4 Ma known from the literature for the species of Galerella. 相似文献
77.
This work deals with the biodiversity and distribution of benthic macrophytes in the Ghar El Melh lagoon, a Mediterranean
coastal lagoon located in the North of Tunisia. An inventory was made of the benthic flora and submerged macrophyte communities
were mapped during two successive campaigns (the summer of 1999 and the winter of 2000). The following 24 macrophyte species
were identified: seven red algae, two brown algae, 11 green algae, and four marine angiosperms. The results were compared
with available data from the literature.
Ruppia cirrhosa is the most dominant species. It is found in all lagoon parts, except in the west sector.Ruppia beds are usually associated withCladophora forming heterogeneous communities. During summerRuppia cirrhosa shows a large distribution, covering an area of ca. 21.4 km2, with dense, extensive beds covering 80–100%. In winter, severalCladophora species have a very large distribution as well, covering nearly an area of 28.5 km2 with an average cover of 46%. The green algaeCaulerpa prolifera is confined to the eastern part of the lagoon which is mainly affected by seawater.
In comparison with previous situations, many transformations were observed in biodiversity and spatial distribution of the
dominant communities. Thus,Cymodocea nodosa andZostera beds, which dominated in the 1970s, were replaced byZostera andCaulerpa prolifera in the 1980s and are currently succeeded byRuppia cirrhosa andCladophora.
Restoration of the Ghar El Melh lagoon will enable an increase in the exchange with the open sea and the circulation of water,
in particular in the confined zones. This should considerably improve the water quality and would positively influence the
phytobenthic communities. 相似文献
78.
79.
Lenaïg G. Hemery Kristin K. Politano Sarah K. Henkel 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(8):413
With increasing cascading effects of climate change on the marine environment, as well as pollution and anthropogenic utilization of the seafloor, there is increasing interest in tracking changes to benthic communities. Macrofaunal surveys are traditionally conducted as part of pre-incident environmental assessment studies and post-incident monitoring studies when there is a potential impact to the seafloor. These surveys usually characterize the structure and/or spatiotemporal distribution of macrofaunal assemblages collected with sediment cores; however, many different sampling protocols have been used. An assessment of the comparability of past and current survey methods was in need to facilitate future surveys and comparisons. This was the aim of the present study, conducted off the Oregon coast in waters 25–35 m deep. Our results show that the use of a sieve with a 1.0-mm mesh size gives results for community structure comparable to results obtained from a 0.5-mm mesh size, which allows reliable comparisons of recent and past spatiotemporal surveys of macroinfauna. In addition to our primary objective of comparing methods, we also found interacting effects of seasons and depths of collection. Seasonal differences (summer and fall) were seen in infaunal assemblages in the wave-induced sediment motion zone but not deeper. Thus, studies where wave-induced sediment motion can structure the benthic communities, especially during the winter months, should consider this effect when making temporal comparisons. In addition, some macrofauna taxa-like polychaetes and amphipods show high interannual variabilities, so spatiotemporal studies should make sure to cover several years before drawing any conclusions. 相似文献
80.
Béatrice Gaume Martine Fouchereau-Peron Aïcha Badou Marie-Noëlle Helléouet Sylvain Huchette Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave 《Marine Biology》2011,158(2):341-353
Larval shell formation was investigated in the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. Stages of mineralization as well as enzymatic and endocrine biomarkers were monitored throughout larval development, from
hatching to post-larval stages. Polarized light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the presence of crystallized
calcium carbonate arranged in aragonite polymorphs from the late trochophore stage. A correlation between the main steps of
shell formation and enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase was seen. The variations of these
biologic activities were related to the onset of mineralization, the rapid shell growth, and the switch from larval to juvenile
shell following metamorphosis. Furthermore, a strong increase in the level of calcitonin gene-related molecules was measured
in post-larvae, suggesting that endocrine control takes place after metamorphosis. The changes measured for the three biomineralization
markers together with mineralogical analysis allowed us to correlate physiologic mechanisms with early steps of abalone shell
formation. 相似文献