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971.
在河流水质号模型(RWQM1)的基础上,根据河岸材料影响河流对有机污染物净化能力的机理,建立了"简化河流水质1号模型"(S-RWQM1),并利用该模型模拟受河岸材料影响的生物化学反应过程,以及分析河岸材料及水体中微生物含量、代谢状况、有机污染物降解率与模型参数的相关性。对S-RWQM1的动力学参数进行灵敏度分析,发现对CODCr组分中易生物降解溶解性有机物Ss以及异养菌XH模拟计算结果影响较大的参数分别为异养菌好氧生长速率常数Kgro,H,aer,T0、异养菌好氧内源呼吸速率常数Kresp,H,aer,T0。相关性分析结果显示,以釉面瓷砖、透水砖、松木片为河岸材料的微生物脂磷含量、甲基萘醌与泛醌的摩尔比值MK/UQ、有机污染物降解率与模型参数中Kgro,H,aer,T0的相关系数分别为0.995、-0.904、0.988;格宾护岸的微生物脂磷含量、有机污染物降解率与Kgro,H,aer,T0的相关系数分别为0.862、0.990,与Kresp,H,aer,T0的相关系数分别为0.951、0.997。通过调整Kgro,H,aer,T0以及Kresp,H,aer,T0值,可提高CODCr模拟精度。结果表明,S-RWQM1可较好地反映河岸材料对水体中有机污染物净化能力的影响。 相似文献
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科学合理的评估方法体系对于环境规划的实施绩效起着不可替代的作用。为更有效地开展环境规划实施效果的评估,总结国内外关于环境规划实施效果的评估方法,重点概述了对比分析、逻辑框架、环境经济预测分析、环境绩效评估等评估方法。并对这几类方法进行了对比分析,剖析各方法应用的区域范围、评估的步骤、优点和局限性及评估重点等,总结出建立有效的环境规划实施效果评估方法体系,需要综合各种方法,并就具体的环境规划而言,选择合适方法,综合运用,为环境规划实施效果评估的深入开展和具体实施提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Yuchun Qi Xinchao Liu Yunshe Dong Qin Peng Yating He Liangjie Sun Junqiang Ji Congcong Cao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(4):834-845
We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/(m2.year) with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition (WCK) increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2 over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the efftuxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil COz efftuxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2 fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution. 相似文献
978.
Jiao He Guoli Zi Zhiying Yan Yongli Li Jiao Xie Deliang Duan Yongjuan Chen Jiaqiang Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(5):1195-1202
Cyanobacteria, which occurred in eutrophic water harvest solar light to carry out photosynthesis with high efficiency. In this work, cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp.) were used as biotemplate to synthesize titania structure. The synthesized titania sample had similar morphology to that of the original template in spite of the fragile unicellular structures and extremely high water content of cyanobacterial cells. Incorporation of biogenic C, as well as the morphology inherited from biotemplate improved visible- light absorbance of the titania structure. The sample exhibited higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than commercial titania photocatalyst Degussa P25 for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. Compared with those C-doped titania photocatalysts prepared by other methods, cyanobacteria templated titania photocatalyst offer some potential for competitive advantages. The reported strategy opened up a new use for the cyanobacteria. It could also be used for titania in applications such as treatment of polluted water, dye-sensitized solar cells, or other regions. 相似文献
979.
Quantification of viable bacteria in wastewater treatment plants by using propidium monoazide combined with quantitative PCR (PMA-qPCR) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The detection of viable bacteria in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) is very important for public health, as WWTPs are a medium with a high potential for waterborne disease transmission. The aim of this study was to use propidium monoazide(PMA) combined with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PMA-qPCR) to selectively detect and quantify viable bacteria cells in full-scale WWTPs in China. PMA was added to the concentrated WWTP samples at a final concentration of 100 μmol/L and the samples were incubated in the dark for 5 min, and then lighted for 4 min prior to DNA extraction and qPCR with specific primers for Escherichia coli and Enterococci, respectively. The results showed that PMA treatment removed more than 99% of DNA from non-viable cells in all the WWTP samples, while matrices in sludge samples markedly reduced the effectiveness of PMA treatment. Compared to qPCR, PMA-qPCR results were similar and highly linearly correlated to those obtained by culture assay, indicating that DNA from non-viable cells present in WWTP samples can be eliminated by PMA treatment, and that PMA-qPCR is a reliable method for detection of viable bacteria in environmental samples. This study demonstrated that PMA-qPCR is a rapid and selective detection method for viable bacteria in WWTP samples, and that WWTPs have an obvious function in removing both viable and non-viable bacteria. The results proved that PMA-qPCR is a promising detection method that has a high potential for application as a complementary method to the standard culture-based method in the future. 相似文献
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