液相催化氧化吸收烟气中SO_2的研究

本文报告了水溶液催化氧化吸收烟气中的SO_2对各种因素,包括催化剂浓度和种类、反应温度、SO_2浓度和烟气流量,以及烟气中氧气含量和反应后溶液中SO_3~(2-)和SO_4(2-)浓度与催化剂浓度的定量关系进行了研究。当催化剂浓度为0.05mol/l,SO_2浓度1000—2000ppm,温度25℃时,SO_2吸收率85％以上。并初步讨论了液相催化氧化吸收SO_2反应机理。     

化工建设规划生态环境影响评价研究

规划环境影响评价是以可持续发展的思想为出发点,通过调整规划布局或规模从规划源头预防环境污染和生态破坏.文章探讨了化工建设规划的生态环境影响评价理论和方法学体系,并以武汉化工新城为例,对该理论方法体系进行探讨.     

Anaerobic treatment of fresh leachate from a municipal solid waste incinerator by upflow blanket filter reactor

This paper describes the feasibility of fresh leachate treatment by an upflow blanket filter (UBF). Through dilution and partial effluent recycling, the organic loading rates increased from 0.51 to 14.56 kg COD/(m³·d), meanwhile the corresponding hydraulic retention time decreased from 9.0 to 3.6 d. The reactor was able to achieve steady-state within 80 d. Based on the distribution of COD fluxes in the process, it was concluded that anabolism was the main pathway of COD removal in the initial phase (1–33 d), accounting for 57%–85% of total COD removed. As the anaerobic consortium of bacteria reached steady-state (after 70–86 d), the majority of COD removed was transformed into methane, because the specific methane yield was close to the theoretical value (0.36 L CH₄/(g COD_deg)).     

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.     

偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附

以腈纶纤维为原料络合Fe3+制得偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维,用其处理α-萘酚溶液,研究了偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附工艺条件和吸附动力学参数。实验结果表明,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的最佳吸附工艺条件为pH=3.0、吸附温度313.15K和吸附时间45min。在最佳工艺条件下,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附在所研究的α-萘酚浓度范围内符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。未达到饱和吸附前,偕胺肟合铁(Ⅲ)纤维对α-萘酚的吸附符合一级反应动力学特征。     

制革废水脱硫试验研究

制革废水中含有大量的硫化物，试验研究了催化曝气，混凝沉淀，混凝气浮及生化法等工艺的脱硫效果，并考察了工艺的综合作用。结果表明上述工艺均可全部或近于全部除去废水中的硫化物，并对ＣＯＤ、总Ｃｒ等也有综合的去除功能。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

Effects of rare earth elements La and Yb on the morphological and functional development of zebrafish embryos

In recent years, with the wide applications and mineral exploitation of rare earth elements, their potential environmental and health effects have caused increasing public concern. Effect of rare earth elements La and Yb on the morphological and functional development of zebrafish embryos were studied. The embryos were exposed to La³⁺ or Yb³⁺ at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L, respectively. Early life stage parameters such as egg and embryo mortality, gastrula development, tail detachment, eyes, somite formation, circulatory system, pigmentation, malformations, hatching rate, length of larvae and mortality were investigated. The results showed La³⁺ and Yb³⁺ delayed zebrafish embryo and larval development, decreased survival and hatching rates, and caused tail malformation in a concentration-dependent way. Moreover, heavy rare-earth ytterbium led to more severe acute toxicity of zebrafish embryo than light rare-earth lanthanum.     

PM10冲击采样器切割头设计参数对切割粒径的影响

本文从颗粒在气流中的受力情况分析入手 ,得到冲击采样器中喷嘴喷出后颗粒的运动轨迹方程以及运动轨迹与采样器切割头设计参数的关系式。分析了PM10空气采样器的切割原理 ,并利用数值计算研究颗粒在不同的流量、喷嘴尺寸及喷嘴与冲击板的距离下的运动轨迹 ,从而得到切割头设计参数对切割粒径的影响     

纳米Al_2O_3固定化红平红球菌菌球的制备及其对苯酚的降解

以海藻酸铝为主要包埋材料、纳米Al_2O_3为添加剂,包埋固定红平红球菌,制得纳米Al_2O_3固定化红平红球菌菌球,并将其用于苯酚的降解。表征结果显示:菌球内部包含丰富的菌丝体;内部孔径以中孔居多。实验结果表明:菌球的最优制备方案为0.05 g纳米Al_2O_3加入3 m L海藻酸钠溶液中、海藻酸钠质量分数6%、微生物包埋量0.5 m L/m L(以海藻酸钠溶液计)、Al_2(SO_4)_3质量分数3%;在初始苯酚质量浓度为400 mg/L、反应时间为24h、菌球加入量为8 g/L、反应p H为8.0、反应温度为30℃的条件下,菌球首次使用时可使苯酚完全降解,使用5次后的苯酚降解率仍达93%以上,具有良好的循环使用性。