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181.
Jingjing Shao Yan Cheng Chunping Yang Guangming Zeng Wencan Liu Panpan Jiao Huijun He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(9):120-129
Naphthalene-2-ol is a typical biologically recalcitrant pollutant in dye wastewater.Solvent extraction of naphthalene-2-ol from aqueous solutions using mixed solvents was investigated.Various extractants and diluents were evaluated,and the effects of volume ratio of extractant to diluent,initial p H,initial concentration of naphthalene-2-ol in aqueous solution,extraction time,temperature,volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase(O/A),stirring rate and extraction stages,on extraction efficiency were examined separately.Regeneration and reuse of the spent extractant were also investigated.Results showed that tributyl phosphate(TBP) achieved 98% extraction efficiency for naphthalene-2-ol in a single stage extraction,the highest among the 12 extractants evaluated.Extraction efficiency was optimized when cyclohexane and n-octane were used as diluents.The solvent combination of 20% TBP,20% n-octanol and 60% cyclohexane(V/V) obtained the maximum extraction efficiency for naphthalene-2-ol,99.3%,within 20 min using three cross-current extraction stages under the following extraction conditions:O/A ratio of 1:1,initial p H of 3,25°C and stirring rate of 150 r/min.Recovery of mixed solvents was achieved by using 15%(W/W) Na OH solution at an O:A ratio of 1:1 and a contact time of 15 min.The mixed solvents achieved an extraction capacity for naphthalene-2-ol stably higher than90% during five cycles after regeneration. 相似文献
182.
A novel silica catalyst was synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method and tested for the catalytic selective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. This silica catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity than other oxides prepared by the same method, such as ZrO2, TiO2, and Al2O3. Using silica as a catalyst, cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with a glucose yield as high as 50% under hydrothermal conditions without hydrogen gas. The silica catalyst was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and textural properties indicated that the synergistic effect between strong acidity and a suitable pore diameter of the silica catalyst may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the catalyst was recyclable and showed excellent stability during the recycle catalytic runs. 相似文献
183.
Distribution of heavy metals in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China: Implications for sources and historical changes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd and As) in sediments of the Pearl River Estuary was investigated. The spatial distribution of heavy metals displayed a decreasing pattern from the turbidity maxima to both upstream and downstream of the estuary, which suggested that suspended sediments played an important role in the trace metal distribution in the Pearl River Estuary. In addition, metal concentrations were higher in the west part of the estuary which received most of the pollutants from the Pearl River. In the sediment cores, fluxes of heavy metals were consistent with a predominant anthropogenic input in the period 1970-1990. From the mid-1990s to the 2000s, there was a significant decline in heavy metal pollution. The observed decline has shown the result of pollution control in the Pearl River Delta. However, it is noteworthy that the metal concentrations in the most recent sediment still remained considerably high. Taken together, the enrichment of heavy metals in sediments was largely controlled by anthropogenic pollution. 相似文献
184.
This study was designed to clarify the influence of operating conditions on the formation and emissions of polychlorinated-pdibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from a sintering process with hot flue gas recycling. A pilot scale sinter pot with simulated flue gas recycling was developed, and four key operational parameters, including temperature, oxygen content of the simulated waste flue gas, the coke rate of the sintering mixture, and the quicklime quality, were selected for exploring PCDD/Fs formation. The results showed that the temperature of the recycled flue gas had a major affect on PCDD/Fs formation, and a high temperature could significantly increase their formation during sintering. A clear linear correlation between the temperature of recycling flue gas and PCDD/Fs emission (r = 0.93) was found. PCDD/Fs could be reduced to a certain extent by decreasing the level of oxygen in the recycled flue gas, while sintering quality was unchanged. The coke rate had no significant influence on the formation of PCDD/Fs, but the quality of quicklime used in the sintering mixture could affect not only the amount of PCDD/Fs emissions but also the sintering productivity. Compared with a benchmark sinter pot test, PCDD/Fs emissions markedly decreased with improvements to quicklime quality. However, the reduction in PCDD/Fs emissions realized by using high-quality quicklime was limited by the temperature of the inlet gas. The highest reduction achieved was 51% compared with conventional quicklime when the temperature of the inlet gas was 150°C. 相似文献
185.
Pinjing He Min Li Suyun Xu Liming Shao 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(4):404-411
This paper describes the feasibility of fresh leachate treatment by an upflow blanket filter (UBF). Through dilution and partial
effluent recycling, the organic loading rates increased from 0.51 to 14.56 kg COD/(m3·d), meanwhile the corresponding hydraulic retention time decreased from 9.0 to 3.6 d. The reactor was able to achieve steady-state
within 80 d. Based on the distribution of COD fluxes in the process, it was concluded that anabolism was the main pathway
of COD removal in the initial phase (1–33 d), accounting for 57%–85% of total COD removed. As the anaerobic consortium of
bacteria reached steady-state (after 70–86 d), the majority of COD removed was transformed into methane, because the specific
methane yield was close to the theoretical value (0.36 L CH4/(g CODdeg)). 相似文献
186.
滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用水质指数法对滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况进行了分析评价,结果显示:(1)滦河锡林郭勒段2005-2007年主要污染因子为:高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、铁、生物需氧量、锰、总磷等;(2)2005-2007年间,上都河监测断面水质状况整体呈变好趋势,但地方经济增长带来的化学需氧量异常升高不容忽视,大河口断面不同水期水质状况变化不同;(3)2005-2007年,滦河锡林郭勒段化学需氧量与溶解氧超标污染加重明显、高锰酸盐指数超标污染逐渐减轻;三年内,上游水质均优于下游水质,两个监测断面水质均为丰水期水质〈平水期水质〈枯水期水质。 相似文献
187.
188.
189.
Xiuying Zhao Xinming Wang Xiang Ding Quanfu He Zhou Zhang Tengyu Liu Xiaoxin Fu Bo Gao Yunpeng Wang Yanli Zhang Xuejiao Deng Dui Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(1):110-121
Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary. 相似文献
190.
A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed and its experimental performance in eutrophication remediation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Yiming Guo Yunguo Liu Guangming Zeng Xinjiang Hu Xin Li Dawei Huang Yunqin Liu Yicheng Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(5):1090-1098
Numerous studies on eutrophication remediation have mainly focused on purifying water first, then restoring submerged macrophytes. A restoration-promoting integrated floating bed (RPIFB) was designed to combine the processes of water purification and macrophyte restoration simultaneously. Two outdoor experiments were conducted to evaluate the ecological functions of the RP1FB. Trial 1 was conducted to compare the eutrophication purification among floating bed, gradual-submerging bed (GSB) and RPIFB technologies. The results illustrated that RPIFB has the best purification capacity. Removal efficiencies of RPIFB for TN, TP,NH4+-N, NO3-N, CODcr, Chlorophyll-a and turbidity were 74.45%, 98.31%, 74.71%, 88.81%, 71.42%, 90.17% and 85%, respectively. In trial 2, influences of depth of GSB and photic area in RPIFB on biota were investigated. When the depth of GSB decreased and the photic area of RPIFB grew, the height of Potamogeton crispus Linn. increased, but the biomass of Canna indica Linn. was reduced. The mortalities of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Bellamya aeruginosa in each group were all less than 7%. All results indicated that when the RPIFB was embedded into the eutrophic water, the regime shift from phytoplankton-dominated to macrophyte-dominated state could be promoted. Thus, the RPIFB is a promising remediation technology for eutrophication and submerged macrophyte restoration. 相似文献