大气颗粒物源解析CMB法与PFA法原理及比较研究

大气颗粒物已经成为中国许多大中城市的首要空气污染物.弄清楚大气颗粒物的来源及定量地计算出各个源的贡献值,为颗粒污染物的防治提供依据,这就涉及到大气颗粒物源解析技术.本文详细介绍了化学质量平衡（CMB）和主因子分析法（PFA）这两种主要的大气颗粒物源解析原理及方法,并比较两种方法各自的优缺点,以供选择合适的源解析方法对大气颗粒污染物的来源进行解析.     

浅谈做好邳州市环境信访工作的对策和措施

概括了邳州近三年环境信访的基本情况,并对其特点和原因进行了分析,探讨了做好邳州环境信访工作的措施和几点建议.     

电化学间接氧化法处理H_2S气体的研究

采用填料塔对铁盐溶液吸收 H2 S的过程进行了初步研究 ,考察了气液比、填料层高度、吸收温度、Fe3+浓度、进气 H2 S浓度和 H+浓度等因素对 H2 S去除率的影响。结果表明 ,气液比、填料层高度和吸收温度对吸收效率的影响比较显著。通过正交试验选出最佳工艺条件 ,在此工艺条件下 H2 S的去除率接近 10 0 %。     

Herbicide Roundup® and its main constituents cause oxidative stress and inhibit acetylcholinesterase in liver of Carassius auratus

Roundup® is a glyphosate-based herbicide containing a mixture of surfactants. This paper evaluates the toxic effects of Roundup® and its main constituents on the goldfish, Carassius auratus, after 7 days exposure. Fish were exposed to 0.16, 0.032 and 0.0064 mg/L of Roundup® [containing 41% isopropylamine salt of glyphosate (G.I.S) and 18% polyoxyethylene amine (POEA)], G.I.S, and POEA. Their livers were taken for determining reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehye (MDA) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Hydroxyl radical (·OH) could be induced by exposing Roundup® at a rate of 43%–111%, G.I.S at 90%–124% and POEA at142%–157%. A decreased SOD activity was observed in fish exposed to G.I.S and POEA. The contents of MDA significantly increased when exposed to Roundup® at all concentrations, 0.16 mg/L G.I.S and 0.032 mg/L POEA. The exposure led to an inhibition of AChE in livers overall during the experimental periods. POEA was more toxic than Roundup® or G.I.S during this experiment. AChE and ·OH are supposed to be sensitive biomarkers of the exposure of Roundup® and its main constituents to C. auratus.     

油田特种作业人员的安全管理

调查分析了胜利采油厂特种作业人员培训持证工作现状,查找了管理中存在的问题,结合实际提出加强特种作业人员安全管理的建议。     

从“对立面”来考虑安全脆弱性

安全和治安防卫有很多的共同特征,分析和研究治安防卫达到最佳效果的方法同样可应用于安全和事故防范方面。虽然通常安全不必考虑蓄意的破坏活动,但可以应用治安的脆弱性评估技术来进行安全分析。笔者旨在从另一个角度来讨论安全分析的方法,换一个切入点来辨识安全的脆弱性:将治安防卫中的脆弱性评估方法应用于安全脆弱性分析中,以期达到转换思维模式的目的。为此,讨论了“对立面”分析的人员组成、考虑范围和对该方法的理解,并运用实例,说明从“对立面”来考虑安全脆弱性是可行的。     

O_3-H_2O_2催化氧化技术深度处理石化含盐废水

采用O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对某石化企业含盐废水的二级生化出水进行处理,考察了不同反应体系下的反应时间、O_3流量、H_2O_2投加量对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对石化含盐废水的处理效果最好;在臭氧流量为40 m L/min、H_2O_2投加量为50 mg/L、催化剂投加量为300 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,COD去除率为51.4%,出水COD为52.0 mg/L,达到GB31570—2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

基于物种敏感性分布法的毒死蜱对稻田生态系统生态风险评价

生物敏感性分布法(Species Sensitivity Distributions,SSD)是一种基于单物种测试和概率统计学的、较高级的外推风险评估方法。该方法在国内外均被广泛应用于各种污染物风险评价中。本文选取了采用logistic和normal这2种SSD分布模型,分析了国内外毒死蜱对3组水生生物组合的毒性数据;并且获得各自SSD的HCx值。3组毒性数据分别为:浙江稻田水生生物组,长三角地区水生生物组和美国水生生物组。浙江稻田水生物SSD分布的HC5为:0.32μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和0.35μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC10为1.50μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和1.26μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC20为8.13μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和5.96μg·L~(-1)(normal模型);HC50为145.44μg·L~(-1)(logistic模型)和115.74μg·L~(-1)(normal模型)。据此判断水稻种植季节,稻田水域毒死蜱对食蚊鱼、鳑鲏、泽蛙蝌蚪、轮虫、常见腹足类和双壳类软体动物以及绝大多数藻类等的风险较小。利用冗余分析研究了生物物种数量、物种组成结构和拟合模型对HCx影响。结果表明:物种组成结构对HCx有较为明显的影响。具体表现为对毒死蜱较为敏感物种数量与HCx存在明显的负相关性;对毒死蜱不敏感的物种则与HCx呈现正相关性。     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.