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131.
The capillary electrophoresis (CE) method combined with a sequential extraction was applied to determine the distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Cd in urban ambient air PM2.5 samples. PM2.5 was collected on Teflon filters with dichotomous sampler, and the modified extraction procedure following the BCR leaching procedure was used to chemically fractionate metals into "easily exchangeable" with water, "acid extractable" with 0.11 mol/l acetic acid, "reducible" with 0.1 mol/l hydroxylamine hydrochloride acidified to pH 2.0 with nitric acid, and "oxidisable" with oxidation by 8.8 mol/l hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) followed by extraction with 1.0 mol/l ammonium acetate. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that the application of the studied methodology provides chemical fractionation data that reflect the general sources and potential health hazards of the studied metals. 相似文献
132.
Yangsheng Chen Li Xu Heidi Q.H. Xie Tuan Xu Hualing Fu Songyan Zhang Rui Sh Yingjie Xi Bin Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(12):92-99
Several cohort studies have reported that dioxin and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls might impair the nervous system and lead to neurological or neurodegenerative diseases in the elder people, but there is limited research on the involved mechanism. By using microarray analysis, we figured out the differentially expressed genes between brain samples from SD rats after low-dose(0.1 μg/(kg?bw)) dioxin exposure for six months and controls. To investigate the function changes in the course of dioxin exposure, Gene Ontology(GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on the differentially expressed genes. And the changes of several picked genes have been verified by real-time PCR. A total of 145 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated genes were identified. The metabolic processes, interleukin-1 secretion and production were significantly associated with the differentially expressed genes. And the genes regulated by dioxin also clustered to cholinergic synapse and long-term potentiation. Candidate biomarker genes such as egr1, gad2, gabrb3, abca1, ccr5 and pycard may be toxicological targets for dioxin. Furthermore, synaptic plasticity and neuro-immune system may be two principal affected areas by dioxin. 相似文献
133.
Lucas A. Salas Laia Font-Riber Mariona Bustamante Lauro Sumoy Joan O. Grimalt Sarah Bonnin Maria Aguilar Heidi Mattlin Manuela Hummel Anna Ferrer Manolis Kogevinas Cristina M. Villanueva 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):250-261
Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m~3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m~3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies. 相似文献
134.
Ryan M. Maher Heidi Asbjornsen Randall K. Kolka Cynthia A. Cambardella James W. Raich 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2010,139(4):749-753
Close relationships among climatic factors and soil respiration (Rs) are commonly reported. However, variation in Rs across the landscape is compounded by site-specific differences that impede the development of spatially explicit models. Among factors that influence Rs, the effect of ecosystem age is poorly documented. We hypothesized that Rs increases with grassland age and tested this hypothesis in a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie reconstructions in central Iowa, U.S.A. We also assessed changes in root biomass, root ingrowth, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), and the strength of soil temperature and moisture in predicting Rs. We found a significant increase in total growing season Rs with prairie age (R2 = 0.79), ranging from 714 g C m?2 in the youngest reconstruction (age 4) to 939 g C m?2 in the oldest prairie (age 12). Soil temperature was a strong predictor of intra-seasonal Rs among prairies (R2 = 0.78–0.87) but mean growing season soil temperature and moisture did not relate to total Rs. The increase in Rs with age was positively correlated with root biomass (r = 0.80) and ANPP (r = 0.87) but not with root ingrowth. Our findings suggest that growing season Rs increases with tallgrass prairie age, root biomass, and ANPP during young grassland development. 相似文献
135.