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251.
Branimir?Jovan?i?evi?Email author Predrag?Poli? Miroslav?Vrvi? Georg?Scheeder Manfred?Teschner Hermann?Wehner 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):73-81
Investigations presented in this paper were aimed at defining the alterations of n-alkane composition in cases of oil-polluted alluvial sediments. Therefore, oil-polluted groundwater samples, taken in five
different time intervals during a period of 28 months, were investigated. Samples of alluvial sediments were taken from two
boreholes within an oil refinery at Pancevo, Yugoslavia. In both boreholes significant alterations with characteristic degradation
of "oil" n-alkanes with no odd- or even-member predominance were observed, as well as subsequent synthesis of new ones with pronounced
even-member predominance, and with maxima at C16 and C18. Since no additional contamination of boreholes was observed by analyses of steranes and triterpanes, the observed changes
can only be attributed to microbial activity. It is assumed that for the degradation of oil n-alkanes, as well as for the synthesis of "new" n-alkanes, algae such as dinoflagellates are responsible. This assumption was confirmed by identification of n-alcohols with even-member predominance (C14–C20), by identification of cholesterol, as well as of n-fatty acids with even-member predominance (C14–C18) in the extract with n-alkane even-member predominance.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
252.
253.
Geyer HJ Schramm KW Feicht EA Behechti A Steinberg C Brüggemann R Poiger H Henkelmann B Kettrup A 《Chemosphere》2002,48(6):631-644
The elimination half-lives (t1/2) in Sprague-Dawley rats for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2, 3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) were estimated in long-term studies by Schlatter, Poiger and others. Furthermore, there are some published half-lives of TCDD in adult humans. The average half-life of TCDD in adult humans is approximately 2840 days, while in Sprague-Dawley rats the average t1/2 of TCDD is 19 days. The t1/2 of TCDD in humans is about 150 times that of rats. This factor was used to calculate the t1/2 values of the other polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) in humans from the rat data. Furthermore, the terminal t1/2 values of PCDDs in adult humans were calculated from the regression equation: logt1/2H = 1.34 logt1/2R + 1.25 which was recently established for 50 xenobiotics (t1/2H = terminal half-lives in days for humans, t1/2R = terminal half-lives in days for rats). The following terminal half-lives in adult humans were obtained: 12.6 years for 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 26-45 years for 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD, 80-102 years for 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and ca. 112-132 years for OCDD. These half-lives of PCDDs are critically compared with measured t1/2 values of PCDDs and other persistent organic pollutants in rats, monkeys and humans. 相似文献
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256.
Dragana Bojovic Carlo Giupponi Hermann Klug Lucia Morper-Busch George Cojocaru Richard Schörghofer 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(2):214-229
Climate change may result in reduced water supply from the Alps – an important water resource for Europe. This paper presents a multilingual platform that combines spatial and multi-criteria decision-support tools to facilitate stakeholder collaboration in the analysis of water management adaptation options. The platform has an interactive map interface that allows participants to select a location of their interest within the Alpine Arc. By utilising the decision-support tool, stakeholders can identify suitable adaptation solutions for different geographical units, according to their experience and preference. The platform was used to involve experts across Alpine borders, domains and decision-making levels, as well as a group of university students. The experts favoured the planning instruments for saving water, while the students inclined towards the measures that would improve water conservation. The initial results confirmed the suitability of the platform for future involvement of decision-makers in spatio-temporal analyses of adaptation pathways in the Alps. 相似文献
257.
The relevance of the integration of preimaginal and eclosion experiences on the subsequent habitat preferences and mate finding
by the adult has been rarely tested in holometabolous insects. In this work, the effect of larval and early adult experiences
on the behavioural responses of adult males of the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, towards volatiles from the host–plant complex (HPC) and from conspecific females were evaluated. Two experience factors
were considered: host diet (normal diet=ND; artificial diet=AD), and eclosion, i.e. extraction or non-extraction of the parasitoid
larva from the parasitised aphid (extracted=EX; non-extracted=NE). Thus, four treatments were set up: ND/NE, ND/EX, AD/NE
and AD/EX. Glass Y-tube olfactometers were used to investigate the responses of adult A. ervi males to the odour sources used. Males from the ND/NE treatment showed a shorter latency to the first choice of olfactometer
arms, displayed a marked preference towards the HPC olfactometer arm, and spent more time in the HPC arm than males from the
other treatments. Only the interaction of host diet and eclosion experiences proved to be relevant in explaining the differences
in latency to first choice, time spent in olfactometers arms, and behaviours displayed in the olfactometer arms. These results
show the importance of the integration of larval and eclosion experiences in the development of stereotyped responses of the
adults. This process may involve memory retention from the preimaginal and emergence period, but further research is needed
to disentangle the contribution of each stage. The response to conspecific females was much less affected by the treatments
in relation to first arm choice and times in olfactometer arms, suggesting a pheromone-mediated behaviour, even though a prompter
and more intense wing fanning courtship behaviour was registered in the ND/NE males compared to males from the AD/NE treatment.
These results show that sexual behaviours are less affected by early experiences than behaviours related with finding a HPC
for foraging or oviposition. Taken together, our results demonstrate for first time that larval and eclosion experiences affect
in a differential way the early responses of the adult towards environment-derived cues and mate related cues. 相似文献
258.
D. Bunke S. Zangl A. Hermann C. Blum J. Wurbs 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2010,22(1):36-45
Hintergrund und Ziel Seit Juni 2007 ist in der EU die neue europ?ische Chemikalienverordnung REACH gültig. Wesentlicher Inhalt der neuen Regelung
ist die Einführung eines einheitlichen Systems zur Registrierung, Bewertung, Zulassung und Beschr?nkung von Chemikalien. Die
Hersteller/Importeure von Chemikalien müssen wesentliche Angaben zu den inh?renten Stoffeigenschaften vorlegen und die Bedingungen
für eine sichere Verwendung der Stoffe über den gesamten Lebenszyklus nennen, d. h. für die Herstellung, Verarbeitung, Nutzung
und Entsorgung der Stoffe. Damit birgt REACH das Potenzial von Schnittstellen zu produktbezogenen Regelungen, sofern bei diesen
ebenfalls eine Bewertung der enthaltenen oder emittierten Chemikalien erfolgt. 相似文献
259.
Hans -Martin Mulisch Werner Winter Hermann H. Dieter 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2000,12(5):269-278
To include consequences emanating from former military sites on the drinking water supply, a catalog of criteria has been developed which permits the determination and assessment of the hazards in general and their impact on human health in particular. The assessment criteria correspond to the special requirements and standards for drinking water hygiene and protection in Germany. The criterion catalog is a completion module to the usual praxis and existing conceptions, and has proved its practical value in the initial assessment of military sites in the new federal states of Germany. The scheme is a control instrument suitable for obtaining an assessment concerning the extent to which drinking-water resources are and will be affected by former waste disposal and other contaminated sites at the present and in the future. 相似文献
260.
Release of methane from aerobic soil: an indication of a novel chemical natural process? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Methane (CH4) formation under aerobic conditions has been intensely debated, especially since the discovery of CH4 generation by both dried plant material and living plants. In this study we test the hypothesis that non-microbial CH4 formation also occurs in soils. All lyophilised soil samples investigated under aerobic conditions released CH4 at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C exceeding that allowing normal enzymatic activity to proceed. No emissions were observed for single mineral soil components such as quartz sand, clay mineral and iron oxide. Methane release rates from the soils investigated were found to increase both with increasing temperature and higher organic carbon content. Addition of water to dried soils increased CH4 release rates up to 8-fold those observed with the dried material. Our results suggest the existence of a chemical process in soils that produces CH4 under aerobic conditions, a finding which has not been hitherto reported. 相似文献