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We conducted irradiation experiments with riverine, estuarine, and marine water samples to investigate the possibility of photochemical methane (CH4) formation. CH4 photoproduction was undetectable under oxic conditions or in the absence of methyl radical precursors indicating that its photochemical formation is negligible in the present ocean. Significant photochemical CH4 production was observed in the presence of a methyl radical precursor such as acetone under strictly anoxic conditions. Our results indicate an indirect formation mechanism with coloured dissolved organic matter acting as photosensitizer. We suggest that photochemical CH4 formation might have occurred in the anoxic ocean surface layer of the Archean prior to the onset of O2 accumulation in the atmosphere at around 2300 million years ago. Oceanic CH4 photoproduction via methyl radical (CH3) precursors and its subsequent release to the atmosphere may have contributed to high CH4 mixing ratios in the Archean atmosphere. 相似文献
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H. Mattenberger G. Fraissler M. Jöller T. Brunner I. Obernberger P. Herk L. Hermann 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(8-9):1622-1633
Ashes from monoincineration of sewage sludge suggest themselves as an ideal base for inorganic fertiliser production due to their relatively high phosphorus (P)-content. However, previously they need to be detoxified by reducing their heavy metal content. The core process considered in this paper consists of three steps: mixing of the ashes with suitable chlorine-containing additives, granulation of the mixture and thermochemical treatment in a rotary kiln. Here relevant heavy metal compounds are first transformed into volatile species with the help of the additives and then evaporated from the granules.In this study two chemically different ashes and their mixture were agglomerated to two different granulate types, briquettes and rolled pellets. The resulting six different materials were subjected to thermal treatment at different temperatures. The heavy metals examined were Cu and Zn due to their strong dependence on treatment conditions and their relevance concerning thermal treatment of sewage sludge ashes. Besides, the behaviour of Cl and K was monitored and evaluated.The experiments showed that ash type and temperature are more influential on Cl and heavy metal chemistry than granulate type. Temperature is a primary variable for controlling removal in both cases. Cu removal was less dependent on both ash and granulate type than Zn. The Cl utilization was more effective for Cu than for Zn. Depending on the treatment conditions some K could be retained, whereas always all P remained in the treated material. This satisfies the requirement for complete P recycling. 相似文献
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Andrew P. Rees Hermann W. Bange Damian L. Arvalo-Martínez Yuri Artioli Dawn M. Ashby Ian Brown Hanna I. Campen Darren R. Clark Vassilis Kitidis Gennadi Lessin Glen A. Tarran Carol Turley 《Ambio》2022,51(2):398
Human activities are changing the Arctic environment at an unprecedented rate resulting in rapid warming, freshening, sea ice retreat and ocean acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Trace gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) play important roles in both the atmospheric reactivity and radiative budget of the Arctic and thus have a high potential to influence the region’s climate. However, little is known about how these rapid physical and chemical changes will impact the emissions of major climate-relevant trace gases from the Arctic Ocean. The combined consequences of these stressors present a complex combination of environmental changes which might impact on trace gas production and their subsequent release to the Arctic atmosphere. Here we present our current understanding of nitrous oxide and methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and its relevance for regional and global atmosphere and climate and offer our thoughts on how this might change over coming decades.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01633-8. 相似文献