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211.
Klaus-Michael Wollin Helmut Höring Hermann H. Dieter 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(5):261-266
Risk assessment of contaminated sites from abandoned ammunition plants follows a multi-stage procedure with its own specific requirements for the toxicological assessment of chemical contaminants. Thus, the 22 explosives and related compounds (STVs) were classified according to carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and evaluation numbers for their toxicological potential (ENs). These characteristics permit a specific toxicological assessment and ranking at the stage of “historical reconnaissance”, independent of an evaluation of the contaminant concentrations. With a view to “orientative site evaluation” for the assessment of explosives and related compounds in groundwater and drinking water, toxicologically related guide values based on the ENs of toxicological potential as well as TDI-based guide values for STVs in soil were derived as based on toxicologically safe body doses and lifelong exposure (TDI=Tolerable Daily Intake). For regulatory purposes, substance related precautionary values are defined for probable carcinogens and contaminants with essential lacks in the toxicological data base. 相似文献
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Atmospheric lead and bromine in Germany: post-abatement levels,variabilities and trends 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lammel G Röhrl A Schreiber H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(6):397-404
INTENTION, GOAL, SCOPE, BACKGROUND: Abatement measures since the 1970s have depleted lead and bromine levels in the atmosphere over large parts of Europe. Our knowledge of the atmospheric cycling of these elements while a several decade-long period of intensive mobilization reaches its end is incomplete. OBJECTIVE: We have characterized the trends in the atmospheric levels of Pb and Br and present-day temporal and spatial variabilities. METHODS: This was achieved by short-term (weeks) and long-term (years) measurements of particulate Pb and Br at various sites in Germany. Samples of atmospheric particulate matter were collected on filter membranes and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Average Pb levels at rural and urban inland sites did not exceed concentrations in background aerosols, sampled at a Baltic Sea coastal site, by more than a factor of 3. Due to sea salt, bromide inland particulate Br levels are below those at a coastal site. There, non-sea salt Br, however, is significant as well. Urban Pb and Br levels are not necessarily higher than rural levels. The concentration levels have decreased in such a way that the previously common source, local vehicular traffic emissions, is no longer predominant. Regional rather than local sources have been increasingly determining the concentrations since the 1990s. This is more pronounced for Br than for Pb. We found indications for coal burning and long-range transport as significant Pb sources. For particulate Pb species, a range of ages (elapsed time since Pb emission) has been found. This range shows two maxima corresponding to characteristic times of 72 and 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: The (mean) atmospheric residence time of particulate Pb is longer than the residence time of Br, in particular in the wintertime. The chemical species contributing to atmospheric Pb should be addressed in future studies. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: Clearly, despite effective abatement measures, atmospheric Pb will continue to be dominated by anthropogenic mobilization. The influence from long-range transport can be expected to decrease with the effectiveness of abatement programmes in neighbouring countries of the region. 相似文献
215.
Manfred Niecke Andreas Krüger Peter Hauff Hermann Ellenberg Ralph Labes und Susanne Niecke 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1998,10(1):3-14
Zusammenfassung Mit der Hamburger Protonenmikrosonde untersuchen wir den Quecksilbergehalt in Seeadlerfedern, die in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
über Jahrzehnte gesammelt wurden. Anhand der Fundorte und Funddaten ist es m?glich, ein zeitliches und regional differenziertes
Bild der Quecksilberbelastung, die vorwiegend durch Hg-halrige Saargutbeizen in der Landwirtschaft verursacht wurden, zu erstellen.
Wir vergleichen die gefundenen Konzentrationen mit der ‘geogenen’ Grundbelastung, die an Federproben des vorigen Jahrhunderts
von Museumstieren ermittelt wurde.
相似文献
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