牙哈凝析气田大气环境影响回顾评价

为更好地了解牙哈凝析气田开发建设对大气环境质量的影响,根据牙哈凝析气田6年的大气环境监测资料,采用spearman秩相关系数法对牙哈凝析气田开发10年来的环境空气质量进行回顾评价及变化趋势分析。结果表明:牙哈凝析气田大气中主要污染物SO2、NMHC(非甲烷总烃)均总体呈下降趋势,NO2呈上升趋势,而在2008年急剧下降,整体大气环境质量呈现好转趋势。牙哈凝析气田开发区块环境空气质量有了明显的改善,各项大气环境治理措施取得了显著的环境效益。     

燃煤锅炉低温烟气余热利用探讨

针对燃煤锅炉燃烧产生的低温烟气仍具有一定温度的现象,提出通过增设超导热管空气预热器对这部分低温烟气余热加以回收的设想,对锅炉送风进行预热,探讨烟气余热利用可达到的送风温度、节能效果及可能产生的经济效益。     

吹扫捕集与色谱质谱联用测定水中挥发性有机物

采用吹扫描集与色谱质谱联用的对水中１９种挥发性有机物同时进行富集分离，定性和定量检测，结果表明，不同化合物的平均回收率大于９０％相对偏差小于５％，该方法的检测限约为０．１－０．４μ／Ｌ。实验证明吹扫描集与色谱质谱联用技术是快速测定水中挥发性有要峨的有效手段。     

磁态厌氧流化床处理印染废水

在厌氧流化床中投加高效脱色菌种;采用聚集—交联固定法,将脱色菌固定于活性污泥上;在反应器内投加磁粉形成稳恒弱磁场,对微生物产生正的磁生物效应来提高生化反应速率,处理人工模拟印染废水。试验结果表明,水力停留时间3h,色度去除率90％以上CODcr去除率44％～49％。与传统生化法相比,该装置投资省,成本低,处理效果良好。启动快,耐冲击负荷,停留时间短,操作管理方便。在实际应用中有广阔的前景。     

固定化紫色非硫光合细菌降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

采用聚集－交联法固定化紫色非硫光合细菌用于处理活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ染液。比较紫色非硫光合细菌和固定化细胞的某些性质,２种细胞的反应最适温度均为３０－４０℃,固定化细胞的反应最适ｐＨ值范围较宽,为７．５－９．４,热稳定性较好。Ｃｕ（２＋）对２种细胞酶活力均有抑制作用;比较聚集－交联固定化细胞和海藻酸钠包埋固定化细胞的脱色能力,前者比后者酶活力较高,半衰期长,成本低,操作方法简单,易于工业化应用。     

北运河中游沉积物对磷的吸附特性研究

研究了位于北京郊区的北运河中游9个断面的沉积物对磷的吸附行为,分析了沉积物组成及其理化性质与磷吸附特征的关系.实验结果表明,不同断面沉积物对磷的最大吸附量在0.11 ～9.45 mg/g之间,而各断面沉积物的临界平衡磷浓度(EPC0)范围在0.33～ 1.85 mg/L之间,统计分析显示EPC0与河水中的总磷和可溶性无机磷呈显著负相关,但与沉积物中的金属和有机质含量相关性较差;根据临界平衡磷浓度定义的推断,新华大街桥、玉带桥、运河大街桥、六环路桥、宋梁路桥、湿地和甘棠橡胶坝7个断面的沉积物表现为磷的“汇”,而丰子沟和减运沟2个点表现为磷的“源”,并且各点沉积物释放和吸附磷的趋势较大.     

Hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl free radicals determination methods in atmosphere and troposphere

The hydroxyl radical (?OH) has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health. Nevertheless, high reactivity, low atmospheric abundance, determination of hydroxyl, and hydroperoxyl radical's quantity is very difficult. In the atmosphere and troposphere, hydroperoxyl radicals (HO₂) are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere. But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques. So far, several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. In this systematic review, we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals. The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical (?OH, HO₂) and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.     

城市河道水质评价与研究

结合内梅罗指数法的原理,考虑金属毒性的积累效应,引入污染因子权重值,将权重值最大的评价指标纳入计算,采用改进的内梅罗指数法评价城市河道的水质污染状况。并对水质的划分标准临界值进行计算,以此作为评价水质污染状况的依据。研究结果表明,两种方法具有明显的差异,改进的内梅罗指数法对水质污染状况的评价结果较传统内梅罗指数法的辨识度更高,能够综合客观全面地体现城市河道水质状况,与真实情况较好的吻合,更为客观、合理。     

隔声屏障在冷却机组降噪中的设计与应用实证

本文对成都双流九江环保垃圾发电厂循环冷却机组进行噪声治理,通过在声音传播途径上设立隔声屏障,并对该声屏障进行声学设计理论计算,声屏障建成后该机组在厂界外1m处,噪声值达到国家厂界噪声排放标准要求,并通过详细的实测数据、建立图形,进一步验证了声屏障理论计算公式和保护范围。     

Potential of secondary aerosol formation from Chinese gasoline engine exhaust

Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China.