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101.
Organochlorine and organotin compounds in Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) collected during an unusual mortality event in the Caspian Sea in 2000 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kajiwara N Niimi S Watanabe M Ito Y Takahashi S Tanabe S Khuraskin LS Miyazaki N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,117(3):391-402
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides and organotin compounds were determined in the blubber and liver of Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) found stranded on the coast of the Caspian Sea during an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) in 2000. Among organochlorines analyzed, DDTs were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 6.3 to 470 microg/g on a lipid-weight basis. Caspian seals collected in 2000 during the epizootic had higher concentrations of organochlorines than healthy individuals sampled in 1998. However, the blubber layer was generally thinner in the seals collected in 2000 than those in the previous surveys. Although compositions of organochlorine pesticides in seals suggested that the contamination status in the Caspian Sea is improving, the levels found in Caspian seals in 2000 were comparable to those in other marine mammals that have suffered from epizootics. This implies that the present status of contamination found in Caspian seals poses a risk of immunosuppression. Concentrations of butyltin compounds in livers of seals ranged from 0.49 to 17 ng/g on a wet-weight basis and octyltin compounds were below limit of detection in all the samples analyzed, suggesting less contamination by organotin compounds in the Caspian Sea. 相似文献
102.
Recycle technology for waste plastics containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been developed in the Hokkaido National Industrial
Research Institute for the production of solid and liquid fuel, and has established a recycling process which includes a dechlorination
process for PVC plastics, and a two-stage catalytic pyrolysis process for plastics using zeolite catalysts. The dechlorination
equipment consists of a two-axis screw extruder with a heating element, which can remove chlorine up to 99.9 wt. % from PVC
containing plastics as hydrogen chloride. The product had about 44 000 kJ/kg calorific value and was fed into the next oil
production process, although it could also be used as a solid fuel. Natural and synthetic zeolite were used as catalysts for
the two-stage catalytic process, which produced a light oil with a boiling point which was between those of kerosene and gasoline.
The yield of this oil reached 82 wt. %. The chemical type was analyzed using liquid chromatography, and was found to have
many aromatic compounds. These technologies make it possible to produce a nonpolluting, high-calorie solid fuel and a liquid
fuel very efficiently.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000 相似文献
103.
Oikawa S Kanno N Sanada T Ohashi N Uesugi M Sato K Abukawa J Higuchi H 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,65(2):203-213
Nationwide outdoor radon (222Rn) concentrations in Japan were measured to survey the environmental outdoor 222Rn level and to estimate the effective dose to the general public from 222Rn and its progeny. The 222Rn concentration was measured with a passive-type radon monitor. The 222Rn monitors were installed at about 700 points throughout Japan from 1997 to 1999. The annual mean 222Rn concentration in Japan was estimated from four quarters measurements of 47 prefectures in Japan. Nationwide outdoor mean 222Rn concentration was 6.1 Bq m(-3). This was about 40% of the indoor 222Rn concentration in Japan. The 222Rn concentration in Japan ranged from 3.3 Bq m(-3) in the Okinawa region to 9.8 Bq m(-3) in the Chugoku region, reflecting geological characteristics. Seasonal variation of outdoor 222Rn concentration was also found to be lowest in July to September, and highest in October to December. From the results of this 222Rn survey and previous indoor 222Rn survey program, the effective dose to the general public from 222Rn and its progeny was estimated to be 0.45 mSv y(-1). 相似文献
104.
Akira Hoshino Maso Tsuji Masanori Momochi Akiko Mizutani Hideo Sawada Setsuo Kohnami Hiroki Nakagomi Michio Ito Hisato Saida Munehiro Ohnishi Michimasa Hirata Masao Kunioka Masahiro Funabash Shogo Uematsu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(4):275-280
Several ISO standards for determining the ultimate aerobic/anaerobic biodegradability of plastic materials have been published.
In particular, ISO 14855-1 is a common test method that measures evolved carbon dioxide using such methods as continuous infrared
analysis, gas chromatography or titration and others (ISO 14855-1(2005.9)). This method is a small-scale test for determining
the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, where the amounts of compost inoculum and test sample in one tenth
comparing with that of ISO 14855-1. This method is well versed in ISO/DIS 14855-2 which the carbon dioxide evolved from test
vessel is determined by gravimetric analysis of carbon dioxide absorbent. The focus of this study is to elucidate statistically
the results of round robin test by seven countries used MODA, which were various deviations among the experiments. 相似文献
105.
Some kinds of amine groups can be introduced to the glassy carbon surface by the electrode oxidation of the carbon electrode surface in ammonium carbamate solution, and this amine groups modified electrode is named as an aminated glassy carbon electrode. The existences of not only primary amine but also secondary and tertially amines were confirmed by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The applications of the aminated carbon material for the electrocatalytic reductions of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and organic compounds such as quinones were carried out, and the effects of amination on the formation of electrocatalytic sites for many species were revealed. The electrocatalyzed cyclic voltammograms of metal ions and metal chelate compounds obtained by aminated glassy carbon electrodes are also discussed. Moreover, we intend to describe that the aminated carbon electrode can exhibit the large reduction waves of inorganic oxoacids such as N02? or bromide ion. The introduced functional groups containing nitrogen atom can change the distribution of the electron densities of the graphite carbon surface, and this specific electron distribution environment may generate the various electrocatalytic activities. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Bruno Takahashi Kanni Huang Frederick Fico David Poulson 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(1):106-121
This study focuses on the use of science sources as experts in news stories about climate change coverage in the Great Lakes region of the US and Canada. We examine, using the hierarchy of influences model, whether the use of scientific sources in climate change coverage may be related to factors such as geographic location, reporting frequency, and authorship, in the prestige press as well as regional and local media. The study found that as many or more non-scientists than scientists are selected as sources regardless of geographic location, reporting frequency, or authorship. However, the study also found that the more stories reporters produce on this topic, the more likely their stories are to use and give prominence to science sources. In addition, the articles included few denier sources, but denier views are more likely to appear in a more prominent location in the articles than supporters when stories are framed as conflict over global warming. These results highlight the need for additional research examining the expertise of climate scientists in news stories to better understand news decision-making in the context of complex scientific reporting. 相似文献
109.
Kambe Y Yoshii Y Takahashi K Tonokura K 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(3):944-950
Measurements of the local distribution of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) by long-path pulsed differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-PDOAS) in Tokyo during August 2008 are presented. Two LP-PDOAS systems simultaneously measured average NO(2) temporal mixing ratios along two different paths from a single observation point. Two flashing aviation obstruction lights, located 7.0 km north and 6.3 km east from the observation point, were used as light sources, allowing spatiotemporal variations of NO(2) in Tokyo to be inferred. The LP-PDOAS data were compared with ground-based data measured using chemiluminescence. Surface wind data indicated that large inhomogeneities were present in the spatial NO(2) distributions under southerly wind conditions, while northerly wind conditions displayed greater homogeneity between the two systems. The higher correlation in the NO(2) mixing ratio between the two LP-PDOAS systems was observed under northerly wind conditions with a correlation factor R(2) = 0.88. We demonstrated that the combined deployment of two LP-PDOAS systems oriented in different directions provides detailed information on the spatial distribution of NO(2). 相似文献
110.
Of the two resting life-forms of the planktonic diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus Mangin formed during periods of nitrate depletion, resting spores survived at least 1 month after spore formation at 24 °C,
while resting cells survived only for about 10 d at the same temperature. Under nitrogen limitation, resting cells exhibited
higher specific death rates than resting spores at temperatures ranging from 5 to 30 °C. After nitrogen replenishment, resting
spores required a certain lag period of about 1 d to initiate vegetative growth at levels of nitrate supply from 0.5 to 20 M, while resting cells initiated vegetative growth almost immediately. Resting spores exhibited an intracellular accumulation
of the supplied nitrate during germination and initial vegetative growth. The resting cells, however, exhibited more active
vegetative growth, closely coupled with the uptake of the supplied nitrate. The resting spores and resting cells appear to
play different roles in the maintenance of populations under nutrient fluctuations depending on the interval length between
nutrient fluxes in natural waters.
Received: 27 April 1998 / Accepted: 1 March 1999 相似文献