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651.
Xu Guangjian Yang Eun Jin Lee Youngju Kang Sung-Ho 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38769-38775
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Multivariate dispersion has proven to be a broad β-diversity measure that shows the heterogeneity of environmental conditions. The dispersion... 相似文献
652.
The Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) Framework: A Tool for Incorporating Climate Change into Natural Resource Management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MS Cross ES Zavaleta D Bachelet ML Brooks CA Enquist E Fleishman LJ Graumlich CR Groves L Hannah L Hansen G Hayward M Koopman JJ Lawler J Malcolm J Nordgren B Petersen EL Rowland D Scott SL Shafer MR Shaw GM Tabor 《Environmental management》2012,50(3):341-351
As natural resource management agencies and conservation organizations seek guidance on responding to climate change, myriad potential actions and strategies have been proposed for increasing the long-term viability of some attributes of natural systems. Managers need practical tools for selecting among these actions and strategies to develop a tailored management approach for specific targets at a given location. We developed and present one such tool, the participatory Adaptation for Conservation Targets (ACT) framework, which considers the effects of climate change in the development of management actions for particular species, ecosystems and ecological functions. Our framework is based on the premise that effective adaptation of management to climate change can rely on local knowledge of an ecosystem and does not necessarily require detailed projections of climate change or its effects. We illustrate the ACT framework by applying it to an ecological function in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, USA)-water flows in the upper Yellowstone River. We suggest that the ACT framework is a practical tool for initiating adaptation planning, and for generating and communicating specific management interventions given an increasingly altered, yet uncertain, climate. 相似文献
653.
Guey-Rong Sheu Neng-Huei Lin Jia-Lin Wang Chung-Te Lee Chang-Feng Ou Yang Sheng-Hsiang Wang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(20):2393-2400
Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate mercury (PHg) have been conducted at Lulin Atmospheric Background Station (LABS) in Taiwan since April 2006. This was the first long-term free tropospheric atmospheric Hg monitoring program in the downwind region of East Asia, which is a major Hg emission source region. Between April 13, 2006 and December 31, 2007, the mean concentrations of GEM, RGM, and PHg were 1.73 ng m?3, 12.1 pg m?3, and 2.3 pg m?3, respectively. A diurnal pattern was observed for GEM with afternoon peaks and nighttime lows, whereas the diurnal pattern of RGM was opposite to that of GEM. Spikes of RGM were frequently observed between midnight and early morning with concurrent decreases in GEM and relative humidity and increases in O3, suggesting the oxidation of GEM and formation of RGM in free troposphere (FT). Upslope movement of boundary layer (BL) air in daytime and subsidence of FT air at night resulted in these diurnal patterns. Considering only the nighttime data, which were more representative of FT air, the composite monthly mean GEM concentrations ranged between 1.06 and 2.06 ng m?3. Seasonal variation in nighttime GEM was evident, with lower concentrations usually occurring in summer when clean marine air masses prevailed. Between fall and spring, air masses passed the East Asian continent prior to reaching LABS, contributing to the elevated GEM concentrations. Analysis of GEM/CO correlation tends to support the argument. Good GEM/CO correlations were observed in fall, winter, and spring, suggesting influence of anthropogenic emission sources. Our results demonstrate the significance of East Asian Hg emissions, including both anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions, and their long-range transport in the FT. Because of the pronounced seasonal monsoon activity and the seasonal variation in regional wind field, export of the Asian Hg emissions to Taiwan occurs mainly during fall, winter, and spring. 相似文献
654.
Sihye Lee Young Sung Ghim Sang-Woo Kim Soon-Chang Yoon 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(39):5227-5236
Airborne in-situ measurements were analyzed to investigate the effects of biomass burning and regional background aerosols on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in the Pacific Dust Experiment (PACDEX) during April and May 2007. Airmass trajectories with both horizontal and vertical motions were provided to identify the aerosol sources. In the biomass burning cases, the elevated aerosol layers were clearly observed at dry conditions because of the convection of airmass in the source region. The relative aging of aerosols was supported by the ratios of BC to particles with size ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 μm (N0.1–1.0) and BC to carbon monoxide. Compared to aerosols in the precedent plume of biomass burning, aged particles in the latter plume were more activated to CCN at 0.4% (CCN0.4%) than 0.1% supersaturation (CCN0.1%) due to aerosols chemical modification during the aging process. On the other hand, significant difference of CCN0.4% and CCN0.1% at regional background aerosols over the Pacific Ocean was due to the activated particles below 1 μm in diameter. Although higher concentrations of aged particles were observed over the eastern Pacific Ocean, activated aerosols to cloud droplet was comparatively similar in the western Pacific Ocean because of the similar concentrations of N0.1–1.0 in both cases. 相似文献
655.
This article is intended to provide background information on leachate management in closed landfill sites based on a comparison
of two landfill sites and the identification of leachate characteristics depending on the final cover and the season. Site
S is older and has no final cover, while site J is younger and has final capping. The results of leachate analysis from the
two landfills show that the biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand ratio decreases below 0.1 to the range 0.05–0.07
for site S, whereas the ratio at site J was in the range 0.08–0.55. The inorganic nitrogen concentration was in the range
169.9–386.1 mg/l with an average of 265.2 mg/l at site S. Ammonia nitrogen accounted for 98.9% of the total nitrogen. The
absence of a final cover on closed landfill sites may contribute to the stabilization of such landfills due to flushing. The
nitrogen content at landfill S dropped in the summer, whereas it decreased in the fall at site J. A higher fluctuation in
the pollutant levels of organic matters and nitrogen at the younger landfill site was observed, compared to the older site,
even though the younger site had final capping. Therefore, intensive leachate management should be arranged at the early stages
after closing for proper treatment. Specifically, nitrogen management of leachate is a critical factor in treatment operations. 相似文献
656.
Jeong-Hun Kim Yong-Chil Seo Deepak Pudasainee Sang-Hyeob Lee Sung-Jin Cho Ha-Na Jang Ju-Myon Park Geum-Ju Song Kyu-Shik Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):183-190
The development of regulations patterned after the United States’ requirement for maximum achievable control technology (MACT)
to control hazardous air pollutants from major industrial sources in Korea is in progress. Current management practices and
installed air pollution control devices were surveyed; emission tests and continuous emission data collected from facilities
under operation were assessed considering other MACT requirements such as reporting, report keeping requirements. Emission
sampling and air pollutant analysis were carried out at representative hazardous waste incinerators installed with wet-type
and dry-type air pollution control devices. Korean and United States Environmental Protection Agency methods were used for
sampling and analysis. The major heavy metals emitted were Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cr. The heavy metal removal efficiency of existing
air pollution control devices was greater than 99%. The average mercury removal efficiency was more than 30%. Toluene; m,p-xylene; o-xylene; benzene; dichloromethane; styrene; ethylbenzene; 1,3-dichlorobenzene; and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were the major volatile
organic compounds emitted. The emissions from field tests were compared, reviewed, and analyzed with respect to MACT regulations
to check applicability. Finally, draft guidelines were suggested for effective hazardous air pollutant management in Korea. 相似文献
657.
Ji-Hoon Jeong Byung-Taek Oh Jai-Young Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):208-213
Most sludge has historically been disposed of in landfills and by ocean dumping but, because of its heavy metal content, this
will be totally banned in Korea starting in 2012, based on the London Dumping Convention. Therefore, treatment and disposal
methods that are environmentally friendlily are urgently required. The recycling of sewage sludge is a good treatment method
for solving sludge problems in an environmentally friendly way. In this study, physical and environmental tests were conducted
to evaluate the feasibility of using the by-products of thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge as barrier layer materials in
the final cover systems for landfills. In addition, testing methods for freezing-thawing (KS F 2332) and wetting-drying (KS
F 2330) cycles were conducted to assess the effects of cold and hot soil climates starting from pavement. These tests yielded
positive results for alternative materials for the barrier layer in a final cover system for a landfill. 相似文献
658.
Seong Kon Lee Gento Mogi Jong Wook Kim 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(6):915-920
To provide national energy security in the 21st century, establishing a long-term strategic energy technology development is essential through selection and specialization. We established a strategic energy technology roadmap (ETRM) taking economic spin-offs, commercial potential, inner capacity, and technical spin-off into account. In this research, we suggest an integrated multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, which is composed of more than two criteria as the assessment of the optimal alternatives and solutions in the real world with the fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to prioritize the weights of energy technologies of ETRM as we allocate R&D budget using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Building technology is the most preferred technology in the sector of energy technologies against high oil prices. And the coal technology and transportation technology follows and take the 2nd and 3rd place with the fuzzy AHP approach. 相似文献
659.
Sujeeva Setunge Natalie Nguyen Brendan Lee Alexander Louise Dutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2009,9(5-6):381-391
Concrete is usually the preferred material for construction of structures in contact with water during their service life. Early age exposure to water is beneficial for curing of concrete structures. However, the pollution of water from freshly cast concrete in contact with water has not been investigated in detail. A significant increase in the alkalinity has recently been observed in a stream in contact with freshly installed concrete culverts. High alkalinity has caused distress to fresh water fish in the stream. A preliminary laboratory study was commenced to explore the effect of leaching of alkali into water from freshly placed concrete. Freshly cast concrete specimens were exposed to fresh water, covering a range of conditions observed in the field such as volume of concrete/volume of water, age of exposure and cement content. Analysis of the results indicated that early age contact with fresh concrete can lead to an increase in the pH levels of water up to 11, similar to the levels of pH observed in pore water inside freshly cast concrete. It was noted that until an age of 4 days from casting of concrete, the age of exposure does not significantly affect the changes in the peak pH levels of water. Continuous monitoring of water in contact with concrete also indicated that the pH levels diminish with time, which is attributed to the possible reaction of calcium hydroxide with atmospheric carbon. The paper will present the experimental study, the results, analysis and outcomes as well as planning of a more comprehensive study to observe possible ways of reducing the leaching of alkali from freshly placed concrete. 相似文献
660.
Jae H. Ryu Richard N. Palmer Sangman Jeong Joo Heon Lee Young‐Oh Kim 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(2):485-499
Abstract: A decision support system for sustainable water resources management in a water conflict resolution framework is developed to identify and evaluate a range of acceptable alternatives for the Geum River Basin in Korea and to facilitate strategies that will result in sustainable water resource management. Working with stakeholders in a “shared vision modeling” framework, sustainable management strategies are created to illustrate system tradeoffs as well as long‐term system planning. A multi‐criterion decision‐making (MCDM) approach using subjective scales is utilized to evaluate the complex water resource allocation and management tradeoffs between stakeholders and system objectives. The procedures used in this study include the development of a “shared vision model,” a simulated decision‐making support system (as a tool for sustainable water management strategies associated with water conflicts, management options, and planning criteria), and the application of MCDM techniques for evaluating alternatives provided by the model. The research results demonstrate the utility of the sustainable water resource management model in aid of MCDM techniques in facilitating flexibility during initial stages of alternative identification and evaluation in a basin suffering from severe water conflicts. 相似文献